Ch 06 教案.docx

1、Ch 06 教案专业英语 第六章 教案单词和词组Ab initio 从头开始In sequence 顺序Abnormal 异常的Limestone 石灰Admission valve 进气阀Localized corrosion 局部腐蚀Auxiliary 辅助的Log 运行日记A myriad of 大量的Lube oil system 润滑油系统Assess 评估Monitor 监控Be vital of 为不可缺的Mill scale 氧化皮Carryover 携带Mill 磨煤机Category 种类Moisture 水分Control panel 控制盘Mandatory 强制的Ca

2、tegorise vt.分类Megawatt 兆瓦Cold start 冷态启动Overlaid 覆盖Controllability 控制性能Parameter 参数Commissioning 试运行Parallel in 并网Conservative 保守的Passivation 钝化Console 仪表板，控制台Part and parcel of 的重要部分Contamination 污物Personnel 人员Condensate storage tank 凝结水箱Pertinent 有关的，相关的Condensate hotwell 凝汽器热井Procedure 规程Debris 碎

3、屑Preempt 先占，抢先Deposits 沉积物Portion 部分De-aerator storage tank 除氧器水箱Plug 堵塞Drain pipe 排水管Pneumatic test 气密性试验di-sodium phosphate 磷酸二钠Pulverizer 磨煤机Duplicated 重置的Reveal 展现Energize 通电，供电Residue 残渣Electrical distribution system 配电系统Scrub 净化Erection 安装Seal 堵头Excitation 励磁Silo 仓Feasibility 可行性Silica 二氧化硅Fla

4、nge 法兰Standstill 停机Finned surface 扩展受热面Solubility 可溶性Flush 冲洗Sophisticated 完善的Forced draft fan 送风机Synchronize 同步Harp 竖管排tri-sodium phosphate 磷酸三钠Header 联箱Trip 事故停机，跳闸Hose 软管Turning gear 盘车Hot start 热态启动Utilize 使用Hydrostatic test 水压试验Valve seal 阀门密封Ignition 点火Velocity 速度Induced draft fan 引风机Vessel 容器

5、，管道Intermittent 间歇的Vendor 厂家In the vicinity of 在附近Vent 排气口Inorganic 无机物的Void 空隙Initial 初始的Warm start 温态启动In parallel 并行的Welding 焊接简写EPC 欧洲专利公约OEM 设备制造厂家EPO 欧洲专利局PCT 专利合作条约FAQ 常见问题解答RSP 再热蒸汽压力HRSG 余热锅炉RST 再热蒸汽温度MST 主蒸汽温度USC 超超临界MSP 主蒸汽压力VWO 阀全开Chapter 6 Unit System Operation第六章 单元机组运行6.1 Introduction

6、6.1 前言6.1 IntrudctionFor the power plant to run and produce electricity, various categories of mechanical, electrical, and chemical equipment in each category must be placed into operation to perform its intended function. 发电厂运行发电，需要运行大量不同种类的机械、电气和化学设备，The operation of the equipment must be coordina

7、ted to meet the demand of the electricity production process, and the production process must be regulated so that the cycle and the equipment are operated within design conditions. 设备运行必须按照电力生产过程的要求进行，生产过程应按设计工况调节工质循环与设备运行The plant control system provides the necessary tools to enable the operators

8、 to orchestrate plant operation for the reliable and efficient production of electricity. 机组控制系统能够使运行人员可靠而高效地组织电厂生产运行 This chapter provides an overview of the plant control system, its functions, operation and the type of control equipment used in a modern pulverized coal-fired power plant. 本章介绍现代燃煤

9、电厂的控制系统概况、功能、运行和典型设备操作。6.2 Basic Control Functions6.2 基本控制功能In a modern power plant, the majority of the control actions required to operate the processes is automated. 在现代的发电厂，大多数运行控制与操作是自动的。There are numerous reasons for plant automation. 电厂之所以采用自动运行有以下理由：Firstly, automation reduces human error in

10、 plant operation and thus provides greater safety for plant personnel. 第一，自动化可以减少人员在运行中误操作，对电厂人员安全提供更大的保障；Secondly, automation reduces the number of operators required to run the plant, which reduces labor costs. 第二，自动化减少了运行人员的数量，降低了人工费用；Thirdly, an automated process is more efficient than a manual

11、process because automatic controllers are capable of responding to changes in operating conditions faster and more accurately than human operators. 第三，自动化生产过程比人工操作效率高，自动控制系统能够比人更快更准确地应对运行中各种情况变化The result is tighter control of plant operating parameters which keeps the process running within design

12、conditions.自动运行使电厂运行参数更加接近于设计工况。The control functions used in operating a power plant can be classified in many ways. 电厂运行的控制有许多分类方法，For the purpose of this discussion, the functions of the plant control system are classified by type of control action used. 为便于讨论，控制系统的功能可按控制功能分类In this respect, cont

13、rol functions can be categorized into two distinctively different categories: on-off control and modulating control.这样，控制功能可分为两种截然不同的类型：启停控制和调节控制，Both types of control functions can be found in a power plant. 这两种控制在电厂都有。The on-off control is also known as digital control, binary control, discrete 离散

14、 control, sequential control or motor interlocks. 启停控制又称数字控制、二进制控制、离散控制、顺序控制及电机连锁。Modulating control is some times called analog control, continuous control, or closed loop control. 调节控制有时被称为模拟控制、连续控制、闭环控制。No standard industry-wide terminology exists for these two types of control functions.这两种控制在各行

15、各业没有统一的定义。 On-off control produces a control action that varies in discrete states. 启停控制发出一个控制动作指令，An example of this type of control is starting and stopping motor. 这类控制的一个例子是开启、停止一台电机。The control system produces either a start command or a stop command, and the controlled equipment reacts to the c

16、ommand with two distinct outcomes: motor running or motor stopped. 控制系统发出启动或停机命令，受控设备按命令来进行不同的动作：电机启动或电机停机。No intermediate state exists between the “running” and the “stopped” state.在启、停状态之间没有中间状态。教材 115页Modulating control produces a control output signal with a magnitude that varies smoothly from o

17、ne value to another. 调节控制发出一个控制输出信号，该信号值从一个值连续变化到另一个值。An example of this type of control is regulating water flow to a tank by adjusting the position of water supply valve. 该类控制的例子是通过调整给水阀的开度调节到水箱的流量The control action is continuously adjusting the valve position to maintain the water level in the ta

18、nk at a desired point. 控制动作连续调节阀门使水箱水位保持在要求位置。The state of the valve is continuous in that the position of the valve can be anywhere between the fully closed and the fully open position.阀门状态是连续的，可以从全关到全开任一位置。Using on-off and modulating control to operate a power plant may be compared to a person dri

19、ving an automobile. 采用启停和调节控制来运行电厂与开汽车类似，To start the car, the driver turns on the ignition key and the engine starts. This is on-off control. 开车时，司机启动点火钥匙，发动机发动，Once the engine is started and the car is running, the driver controls the speed of the car by continuously adjusting the accelerator posi

20、tion whenever the cars speed deviates from the desired speed. This is modulating control.这就是启停控制。当发动机发动后，汽车开动，只要车速与要求值有偏差，司机会连续调整油门使汽车速度连续变化，这就是调节控制。A power operator goes through similar steps in operating the power plant. 电厂运行人员在电厂运行时也进行类似步骤， The operator starts a pump motor, a fan motor, or some s

21、uch equipment. 启动给水泵、风机及其他设备Typically, the operator waits until a pump is started and then increases or decreases the opening of a valve at the pump discharge to regulate the water flow through the pump. 典型的步骤是：运行人员在给水泵启动后，按泵的出水流量增减阀门开度来调节泵。On some occasions, both actions can be applied to the same

22、piece of equipment. 在某些情况下，同一设备可接受全部指令A case in point is a pump drive by a variable-speed motor. 比如当泵由一台变速电机带动时The on-off action is used to get the motor started, and the modulating action is applied to regulate the pumping rate by adjusting the motor speed. 启停控制用来启动电机，调节控制通过调整电机速度来调节泵流量The on-off a

23、nd the modulating control action complement each other. 启停、调节控制互相补充In the case of an emergency or a desired shutdown, the on-off control can shut down equipment and put the process in a safe condition ready for a restart. 在紧急停机或正常停机时，启停控制能使设备停机，并使其保持安全状态以备下一次启动6.3 Plant Operation from the Control Ro

24、om6.3 电厂主控室运行Operator interface devices are the tools that a control room operator used to monitor and control plant operation. 主控室操作台是运行人员用来监视与控制电厂运行的工具This section provides a brief rundown of the activities related to plant operation from cold start to full load that require the operators attentio

25、n and interaction with the plant equipment and systems.本节给出电厂运行的简要说明，包括从冷启动到满负荷运行时的注意事项与电厂设备和系统的相互影响。From the standpoint of operator in the central control room, the equipment and systems fall into two categories: 从主控室运行人员的观点看，设备和系统分为两类：those controlled by a local operator, and those controlled by t

26、he control room operator situated remote from the equipment. 就地操作和主控室远程操作。 The former are mostly the plant systems that serve more than one or all units in the plant, and their operation is either intermittent or the outputs do not vary directly with the megawatt output of the plant. 前者大部分是厂内系统，服务1个

27、或几个单元，它们的运行是间断的且与电厂的负荷没有直接关系。Those in the latter category are the unit-oriented equipment that must be placed into service when the unit is running and their operation must be regulated as the unit load changes.后者是机组运行的主要设备，它们的运行随着电厂负荷变化而变。6.3.1 Common system operation6.3.1公共系统运行After a plant is bui

28、lt, it is rare that a unit has to be started from a very “cold” condition with every piece of equipment at standstill and every tank or vessel empty. 电厂建成后，很少出现机组从所有设备停机、空水箱的极“冷”态启动。However, if this is the plant condition at the time of a unit start, the operating personnel will have to get 教材 116页t

29、hese systems into operation before doing anything else. The following steps should be taken:如果启动时电厂机组处于这样的冷态，运行人员在其他操作之前必须运行一些系统，应采取以下步骤：(1) Energize the plant auxiliary electrical distribution system by bring in power from an outside source and powering up the control systems.（1）首先从电网向厂用电和控制系统供电。(2

30、) Start the compressed air systems (both the station service and the control air system)（2）启动压缩空气系统（包括检修用气和控制用气）。(3) Make water (plant service water and cycle makeup water) by first starting the plant raw water system (or well water system, as the case may be) with its associated water treatment sys

31、tem. （3）启动电厂生水系统（如井水系统）及水处理系统制水。(4) Prepare coal handling and other material (such as limestone) handling system for service.（4）准备制粉系统及其他材料系统（如石灰）。(5) Prepare the ignition fuel system, and if applicable, the auxiliary boiler fuel system for service. （5）准备点火燃油系统和辅助锅炉燃油系统。(6) Produce auxiliary steam b

32、y starting the auxiliary boiler when the required fuel, water, and compressed air are ready, or by taking steam from other sources if available in the plant.（6）当所需煤粉、软化水和压缩空气制备好后，启动辅助锅炉生产辅助蒸汽，也可从电厂其它蒸汽源获得。Typically, plant common systems are installed with a control cabinet or a local control panel located in the vicinity of the s