牛津译林八年级下册8BUnit5知识梳理.docx

1、牛津译林八年级下册8BUnit5知识梳理牛津译林八年级下册8BUnit5知识梳理知识点一 Comic-Reading 部分单词短语讲解【知识梳理】1：Second, dont cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，如：She always cuts in when other people are talking.【知识拓展】cut down砍倒；减少, 削减cut off切断，割断，剪断cut out切去,切除；剪下例如：If you cut down all the trees you will r

2、uin the land.I have decided to cut down my smoking.She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.I cut this article out of the newspaper. 【拓展】n伤口，划口如：Using sharp scissors make a small cut in the material. 2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv.

3、没有礼貌地be polite to sb. 对有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对粗鲁如：We should be polite to old people.3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流leave vt.(1)使处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply. 形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him

4、weak. (2)离开; 脱离 leavefor离开前往 如：Ill leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home.【拓展】过去分词作宾语补足语，如：The moving story left him unmoved.副词作宾语补足语，如：What has lef

5、t him away for so long?介词作宾语补足语，如：This matter left her without a way of hope. 4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待(1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.n. 意为“队伍”。短语in a queue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和in line意思相近；jump the queue意为“插队”。如：Why did you jump the queue just now?(2 )turnn.顺序,轮流 Itson

6、esturntodosth.轮到某人做某事, 如：Itsyourturntomakeadecision. takeonesturntodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosth.byturns轮流做某事，如：Thenursestookturnstoattendthepatient.=Thenurseslooked afterthepatientinturn/byturns.vt.旋转turndown关小 turnup开大/出现 turnon打开 turnoff关(水源、煤气、电灯等)turnin上交 turn.into.(使)成为 linking-V.变得turngreen/yello

7、w变绿/黄了5：Im afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。（1）Im afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：Im afraid I cant stay. Im afraid 之后可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not。如：-Will he come today? -Im afraid so (not).此用法还有I think so./ I dont think so. I hope so./I hope not.（2）表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接of

8、doing sth。如：She was afraid to tell (of telling) you. 她害怕告诉你。She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night.【拓展】但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。如：She is afraid of falling behind the others. She didnt tell him because she was afraid of making him worried.6：Always kee

9、p the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。keep vt.意为“使处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。 (1)keep+宾语+形容词/副词。如： Keepthedooropen. Keep the lights on. (2)keep+宾语+现在分词。如： Dontkeepyourmotherwaiting. (3)keep+宾语+介词短语。如： Theymustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.linking-V. 后常接形容词作表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。 如： Youmustlookafteryo

10、urselfandkeephealthy. 7：We should put them back after reading.(P65)我们应该在读完书后把它们放回去。afterprep.后接名词、代词或动名词He ran after the bus. 追赶I like going for a walk after having dinner.conj.后接句子I saw them after I arrived.后来【拓展】before的用法与after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get ther

11、e，the film has been on for ten minutes.8：Whats the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：Its the best way of studying / to study English. Th

12、ere are different ways to do / of doing it. 【知识拓展】in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说on the way在路上 by the way顺便说，顺便问in the way有时也可说成in sbs way挡路，碍事(3)greet sb欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用问候某人greetings名词，问候9：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英

13、国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shake ones hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手wave ones hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手(2) hand vt.常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级) hand out 散发，分发 hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人10：British people only greet relatives or close

14、friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。closevt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly. adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。 如：His house is close to the factory. (关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs. adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live close to the museum. 紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind. 【拓展】c

15、losed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.11：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes.12：Do people there behave politel

16、y in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止(2)public n.民众，群体； adj.公共的，公开的。如：The public like watching films like this.Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street.in public公开地，在别人面前。如：Dont speak loudly in public.13：They think its rude to push

17、 in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to 对粗鲁，如：We shouldnt be rude to anyone.(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up 拔，拔起14：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, theyll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。

18、bump into 撞上，碰上【知识拓展】fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上break into破门而入，非法进入 turninto把变成15：Theyll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. (P67)他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成notuntil的结构，意为“直到才”如：She will wait here till/until 10.Tom didnt go to bed until h

19、is mother came back.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.【拓展】until用于肯定句作“直到为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。如：He waits till/until the children are asleep.用于否定句作“在以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如：He didnt come until lat

20、e in the morning.16：British people are very polite at home as well, arent they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?too; also; either; aswell;aswellas辨析（1）too是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。如：IminRow1，too（2）also是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它经常放在句中，位于行为动词之前；位于系动词,助动词或情态动词之后。如：Mrs.GreencanalsosingthesonginChineseTheyalsohavefishshop

21、sinthatsmalltown（3）either表示“也”时一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。如：IdontknowhimTomdoesntknowhim，either（4）aswell常用于口语，用法和too一样，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗号。如：SheisateacherandasingeraswellIknowJapaneseaswell（5）aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分,作“也,还”解。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项一致；而用notonly.butalso.连接时,谓语动词与后一项一致。如：Yourwifeaswellasyo

22、uisfriendlytome.（Notonlyyoubutalsoyourwifeisfriendlytome.）Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenergyaswellasintosoundenergy.用来表示同级比较,指“一样好”。如：Heplaystheguitaraswellasyou.17：She did not join the discussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。discussion n.讨论 动词形式 discuss 常用短语：discuss with sb. 与某人讨论；discuss about sth. 讨论某事。如：

23、Ill discuss with you about the following topic.知识点二 语法知识点讲解【知识梳理】1：be+adj.+enough+to do sth.表示“（某人、某物）足够做某事”例如：Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth.表示对某人来说“（某人、某物）足够做某事”1. enough作形容词，意思是“足够的;充分的”。作定语置于被修饰的名词前后均可，前置时强调enough，后置时强调被修饰词。如：Five men will be

24、quite enough.I have enough books now. = I have books enough now.2. enough作副词的意思是 “十分地;充分地;足够地;充足地”，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与不定式或介词for连用 ，在句子中作状语，表示程度。如：Mum, I think Im well enough to get back to school.【拓展】enough作感叹词时意思是“够了;停止;住手;不要再继续了”，用以表达不耐烦或恼怒。如：Youve been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough! 2

25、：too.to.结构和用法(1). too. to.表示“太而不能”。too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to 的后面接动词原形。too. to.句型是简单句。如：He is too young to join the army. (2). too. to. 结构表达肯定的意义. too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如: not, never, nothing等时，too. to. 结构不表示否定的意义。如：It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。(要学永远都不迟。). too后接表示感情的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时，to

26、o. to.句型不再表示否定意义，而表示的是肯定意义。例如：He is too sad to hear the bad news. （3）too. to. 结构与enough.to. 结构的相互转换将too.to.结构转换为enough. to. 结构时，要注意：.enough 前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词；. enough. to. 句式须用否定式；如：She is too young to do the work. = She isnt old enough to do the work. 知识点三 8B U5 Integrated skills知识点讲解【知识梳理】

27、1：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如：He explained to me the difficult maths problem.= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.批注：explain, introduce和borrow用法一

28、样，只能用介词引出“间接宾语”：explain sth. to sb；introduce A to B； borrow sth. from sb.如果这个sth.较长（比如带个定语或本身就是一个名词性从句），为了句子的平衡，可将其后置成为：explain to sb. sth. (+定语），或explain to sb. that-从句。 不要将其和普通的双宾动词如give等混淆。give有两种说法: give sth. to sb. =give sb. sth.2：keep us from danger (P72)使我们远离危险keep sb./sth away from sth.阻止某人/

29、某物前去或接近keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事如：He keeps his dog away from his bedroom.Tom kept his little brother from bothering him .3：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情warn vt. 警告，提醒第三人称单数：warns 过去分词：warned 现在分词：warning 过去式：warnedwarn用法如下：warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：He w

30、arned us not to stay up late.warn sb. that+从句They called and warned me that they might be late.warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：He warned the danger of the car accident.warn sb against doing sth警告某人不要做某事。如：The doctor warned him against smoking.warning n.警告，提醒。如：To give a warning, he waved his hands quickly.4：Sorry, I didnt notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。notice vt. 意为注意到,留心,看到。常用于notice