新世纪综合教程2英语专业 unit 9 课后答案 lecture notes.docx

1、新世纪综合教程2英语专业 unit 9 课后答案 lecture notesUnit 9 What Is HappinessSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesII. Cultural information1. QuoteHappiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. Franklin Roosevelt2. The Pursuit of HappinessThe Pu

2、rsuit of Happiness is a 2006 American biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on-and-off-homeless salesman-turned stockbroker Chris Gardner. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Chris Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was

3、 released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.Chris Gardner is a bright and talented, but marginally employed salesman. Struggling to make ends meet, Gardner finds himself and his five-year-old son evicted from their San Francisco apartment with nowhere to go. When Gardner lands an internship

4、 at a prestigious stock brokerage firm, he and his son endure many hardships, including living in shelters, in pursuit of his dream of a better life for the two of them.Section Two Global ReadingI Text analysis1. Whats the authors answer to the question “What is happiness”?According to the author, h

5、appiness lies in the idea of becoming, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing.2. Whats the authors purpose of writing?To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.II Structural analysisDivide the text i

6、nto parts by completing the table. ParagraphsMain idea1-2The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.3-7The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happines

7、s-market” in a highly commercialized society (the United States).8-9The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.10The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers belief that it is “in the idea of becoming

8、”.Section Three Detailed ReadingText IWhat Is Happiness?John Ciardi(abridged)1 The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game.1 Jonathan Swift seemed to t

9、hink so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.2 It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.2 We do, however, seem to be ded

10、icated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.33 And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to

11、 satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than any mans budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was o

12、nly a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read You Auto Buy Now. They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they wo

13、uld be required to grow tired of by the time the next years models were released.4 Or look at any of the womens magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matte

14、r is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.5 Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles

15、, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the salve that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt aw

16、ay fat, these are the hormones of perpetual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.6 Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded4 either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending bi

17、llions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what are they trying to buy? 7 The idea happiness, to be sure, will not sit still for easy definitions: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middl

18、e.5 To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme.6 To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy mans ideal of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothin

19、g, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body.7 Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it throu

20、gh a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.88 But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western m

21、an. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau a creature of both Eastern and Western thought had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.99 Possession for its ow

22、n sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.10 What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the

23、high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.10 Happiness is never more than partial.11 There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in havin

24、g nor in being, but in becoming.12 What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in

25、the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing,13 which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become. Paragraphs 1-2Questions1. What does the author mean when he says “

26、The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates”? (Paragraph 1)Here the author alludes to the well-known statement in the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that the

27、y are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” The sentence means that everyone is born with the right to pursue happiness.2. What do the quoted expressions from Swift mean? (Paragraph 1)Both expressions “the possess

28、ion of being well deceived” and “a fool among knaves” are used by Swift to describe a conception of happiness, i.e., a state of being deceived. The word “possession” here means “a state of being completely under the influence of an idea or emotion” and in this particular expression “the state of bei

29、ng deceived.” “A fool among knaves” refers to a person who is easily deceived without realizing it.3. Why does the author say, “It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves”? (Paragraph 2)Because most Americans take it for granted that pursuing happiness, or buying their way t

30、o it is in accordance with American national character.Words and Expressions1. pursue vt. try to achieve somethinge.g. He urges all sides in the conflict to pursue peace.We are working together to pursue a common goal.Derivation: pursuit n.Collocation: in the pursuit of e.g. She showed steadiness an

31、d courage in the pursuit of her aims.2. issue vt. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular actione.g. The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.Collocation: issue sth. (to sb.) 将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用e.g. The o

32、ffice will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.Derivation: issue n.Sentences1. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. (Paragraph 1)Explanation: It may be we are given the right of pursuing happiness but we dont know where it is, because maybe there is no happiness as such at all. Note “game” originally refers to a wild animal or bird hunted for sport. Here it is a metaphor for what is being pursued, i.e. happiness. It is roughly equivalent to “false goals” at the end of this par