新世纪综合教程2英语专业 unit 9 课后答案 lecture notes.docx

新世纪综合教程2英语专业 unit 9 课后答案 lecture notes.docx

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新世纪综合教程2英语专业unit9课后答案lecturenotes

Unit9WhatIsHappiness

SectionOnePre-readingActivities

II.Culturalinformation

1.Quote

Happinessliesnotinthemerepossessionofmoney;itliesinthejoyofachievement,inthethrillofcreativeeffort.

—FranklinRoosevelt

2.ThePursuitofHappiness

ThePursuitofHappinessisa2006AmericanbiographicalfilmdirectedbyGabrieleMuccinoabouttheon-and-off-homelesssalesman-turnedstockbrokerChrisGardner.ThescreenplaybyStevenConradisbasedonthebest-sellingmemoirofthesamenamewrittenbyChrisGardnerwithQuincyTroupe.ThefilmwasreleasedonDecember15,2006,byColumbiaPictures.

ChrisGardnerisabrightandtalented,butmarginallyemployedsalesman.Strugglingtomakeendsmeet,Gardnerfindshimselfandhisfive-year-oldsonevictedfromtheirSanFranciscoapartmentwithnowheretogo.WhenGardnerlandsaninternshipataprestigiousstockbrokeragefirm,heandhissonenduremanyhardships,includinglivinginshelters,inpursuitofhisdreamofabetterlifeforthetwoofthem.

SectionTwoGlobalReading

ITextanalysis

1.What’stheauthor’sanswertothequestion“Whatishappiness”?

Accordingtotheauthor,happinessliesintheideaofbecoming,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing.

2.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwriting?

Toattemptadefinitionofhappinessbysettingsomeextremestotheideaandthenworkingintowardthemiddle.

IIStructuralanalysis

Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.

Paragraphs

Mainidea

1-2

Theauthorpointsoutthatwhenwearenotsurewhathappinessis,wetendtobemisledbytheideathatwecanbuyourwaytoit.

3-7

Theauthoroffersanumberofexamplestoshowhowthismisconceptionofhappinessgivesrisetothe“happiness-market”inahighlycommercializedsociety（theUnitedStates）.

8-9

TheauthorsuggestsstrikingabalancebetweenwhatThoreaucalledthelowlevelsandthehighlevels.

10

Theauthorgiveshisunderstandingofhappiness,inthelightoftheFoundingFathers’beliefthatitis“intheideaofbecoming”.

SectionThreeDetailedReading

TextI

WhatIsHappiness?

JohnCiardi

（abridged）

1TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcertificates,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayitruns.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.1JonathanSwiftseemedtothinksowhenheattackedtheideaofhappinessas“thepossessionofbeingwell-deceived,”thefelicityofbeing“afoolamongknaves.”ForSwiftsawsocietyasVanityFair,thelandoffalsegoals.

2Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffoolsandknaves.2Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.3

3AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericancommercialismarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyman’sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonadedicatedinsatiability.Wearetaughtthattopossessistobehappy,andthenwearemadetowant.Weareeventolditisourdutytowant.Itwasonlyafewyearsago,tociteasingleexample,thatcardealersacrossthecountrywereflyingbannersthatread"YouAutoBuyNow."TheywerecallinguponAmericans,asanactapproachingpatriotism,tobuyatonce,withmoneytheydidnothave,automobilestheydidnotreallyneed,andwhichtheywouldberequiredtogrowtiredofbythetimethenextyear’smodelswerereleased.

4Orlookatanyofthewomen’smagazines.There,asBernardDeVotooncepointedout,advertisingbeginsaspoetryinthefrontpagesandendsaspharmacopoeiaandtherapyinthebackpages.Thepoetryofthefrontmatteristhedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.These,theflawlessteeth.This,theperfumedbreathshemustexhale.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.

5Oncepastthevaguelyupliftingfictionandfeaturearticles,thereaderfindstheotherfaceofthedreaminthebackmatter.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.These,thechinstrapsshemustsleepin.Thisisthesalvethatrestoresall,thisisherlaxative,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfat,thesearethehormonesofperpetualyouth,thesearethestockingsthathidevaricoseveins.

6Obviouslynohalf-sanepersoncanbecompletelypersuaded4eitherbysuchpoetryorbysuchpharmacopoeiaandorthopedics.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythedreamasofferedandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhataretheytryingtobuy?

7Theidea"happiness,"tobesure,willnotsitstillforeasydefinitions:

thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworkintowardthemiddle.5Tothinkofhappinessasacquisitiveandcompetitivewilldotosetthematerialisticextreme.6Tothinkofitastheideaonesensesin,say,aholymanofIndiawilldotosetthespiritualextreme.Thatholyman’sidealofhappinessisinneedingnothingfromoutsidehimself.Inwantingnothing,helacksnothing.Hesitsimmobile,raptincontemplation,freeevenofhisownbody.7Ornearlyfreeofit.Ifdevoutadmirersbringhimfood,heeatsit;ifnot,hestarvesindifferently.Whybeconcerned?

Whatisphysicalisanillusiontohim.Contemplationishisjoyandheachievesitthroughafantasticallydemandingdiscipline,theaccomplishmentofwhichisitselfajoywithinhim.8

8But,perhapsbecauseIamWestern,Idoubtsuchcatatonichappiness,asIdoubtthedreamsofthehappiness-market.WhatiscertainisthathiswayofhappinesswouldbetorturetoalmostanyWesternman.Yettheseextremeswillstillservetoframetheareawithinwhichallofusmustfindsomesortofbalance.Thoreau—acreatureofbothEasternandWesternthought—hadhisownfirmsenseofthatbalance.Hisaimwastosaveonthelowlevelsinordertospendonthehigh.9

9PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.10Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.

10Happinessisnevermorethanpartial.11Therearenopurestatesofmankind.Whateverelsehappinessmaybe,itisneitherinhavingnorinbeing,butinbecoming.12WhattheFoundingFathersdeclaredforusasaninherentright,weshoulddowelltoremember,wasnothappinessbutthepursuitofhappiness.Whattheymighthaveunderlined,couldtheyhaveforeseenthehappiness-market,isthecardinalfactthathappinessisinthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,13whichistosay,intheideaofbecoming.Anationisnotmeasuredbywhatitpossessesorwantstopossess,butbywhatitwantstobecome.

Paragraphs1-2

Questions

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcertificates”?

（Paragraph1）

Heretheauthoralludestothewell-knownstatementintheDeclarationofIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica:

“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness.”Thesentencemeansthateveryoneisbornwiththerighttopursuehappiness.

2.WhatdothequotedexpressionsfromSwiftmean?

（Paragraph1）

Bothexpressions“thepossessionofbeingwelldeceived”and“afoolamongknaves”areusedbySwifttodescribeaconceptionofhappiness,i.e.,astateofbeingdeceived.Theword“possession”heremeans“astateofbeingcompletelyundertheinfluenceofanideaoremotion”andinthisparticularexpression“thestateofbeingdeceived.”“Afoolamongknaves”referstoapersonwhoiseasilydeceivedwithoutrealizingit.

3.Whydoestheauthorsay,“Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffoolsandknaves”?

（Paragraph2）

BecausemostAmericanstakeitforgrantedthatpursuinghappiness,orbuyingtheirwaytoitisinaccordancewithAmericannationalcharacter.

WordsandExpressions

1.pursuevt.trytoachievesomething

e.g.Heurgesallsidesintheconflicttopursuepeace.

Weareworkingtogethertopursueacommongoal.

Derivation:

pursuitn.

Collocation:

inthepursuitof

e.g.Sheshowedsteadinessandcourageinthepursuitofheraims.

2.issuevt.toprovidesb.withthethingstheyneedforaparticularaction

e.g.ThepoliceinBritainarenotusuallyissuedwithguns.

Visitorsareissuedwithidentitycardstowearinsidethefactory.

Collocation:

issuesth.（tosb.）将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用

e.g.TheofficewillbeissuingpermitsonTuesdayandThursdaymornings.

Derivation:

issuen.

Sentences

1.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.（Paragraph1）

Explanation:

Itmaybewearegiventherightofpursuinghappinessbutwedon’tknowwhereitis,becausemaybethereisnohappinessassuchatall.Note“game”originallyreferstoawildanimalorbirdhuntedforsport.Hereitisametaphorforwhatisbeingpursued,i.e.happiness.Itisroughlyequivalentto“falsegoals”attheendofthispar