英国文学诗歌术语 解释.docx

1、英国文学诗歌术语 解释A Glossary of Poetic TermsAccent（重音） Another word for stress. The emphasis placed on a syllable. Accent is frequently used to denote stress in describing verse.Aestheticism（唯美主义） A literary movement in the 19th century of those who believed in “art for arts sake” in opposition to the util

2、itarian doctrine that everything must be morally or practically useful. Key figures of the aesthetic movement were Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde. Alexandrine（亚历山大诗体）The most common meter in French poetry since the 16th century: a line of twelve syllables. The nearest English equivalent is iambic hexa

3、meter. The Alexandrine being a long line, it is often divided in the middle by a pause or caesura into two symmetrical halves called hemistiches. Alexander Popes “Essay on Criticism” offers a typical example.Allegory（讽喻） A pattern of reference in the work which evokes a parallel action of abstract i

4、deas. Usually allegory uses recognizable types, symbols and narrative patterns to indicate that the meaning of the text is to be found not in the represented work but in a body of traditional thought, or in an extra-literary context. Rrepresentative works are Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene, John

5、Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress. Alliteration（头韵） A rhyme-pattern produced inside the poetic line by repeating consonantal sounds at the beginning of words. It is also called initial rhyme.Allusion（引喻） A passing reference in a work of literature to something outside itself. A writer may allude to lege

6、nds, historical facts or personages, to other works of literature, or even to autobiographical details. Literary allusion requires special explanation. Some writers include in their own works passages from other writers in order to introduce implicit contrasts or comparisons. T.S. Eliots The Waste L

7、and is of this kind.Analogy（类比） The invocation of a similar but different instance to that which is being represented, in order to bring out its salient features through the comparison.Anapest（抑抑扬格） A trisyllabic metrical foot consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable.Ap

8、ostrophe（顿呼） A rhetorical term for a speech addressed to a person, idea or thing with an intense emotion that can no longer be held back, often placed at the beginning of a poem or essay, but also acting as a digression or pause in an ongoing argument.Arcadia（阿卡狄亚）A mountainous region of Greece whic

9、h was represented as the blissful home of happy shepherds. During the Renaissance Arcadia became the typical name for an idealized rural society where the harmonious Golden Age still flourished. Sir Philip Sidneys prose romance is entitled Arcadia.Assonance（半谐音）The repetition of accented vowel sound

10、s followed by different consonant sounds.Aubade（晨曲） A song or salute at dawn, usually by a lover lamenting parting at daybreak, for example, John Donnes “The Sun Rising”. Augustan Age: may refer to 1) The period in Roman history when Caesar Augustus was the first emperor; 2) The period in the histor

11、y of the Latin language when Caesar Augustus was emperor and Golden-age Latin was in use; 3) Augustan literature and Augustan poetry, the early 18th century in British literature and poetry, where the authors highly admired and emulated the original Augustan Age. Avant-garde (先锋派) A military express

12、ion used in literature refers to a group of modern artists and writers. Their main concern is deliberate and self-conscious experimentation in writing to discover new forms, techniques and subject matter in the arts.Ballad（民谣） A narrative poem which was originally sung to tell a story in simple coll

13、oquial language.Ballad metre (民谣格律） A quatrain of alternate four-stress and three-stress lines, usually roughly iambic.Ballad stanza（民谣体诗节） A quatrain that alternates tetrameter with trimeter lines, and usually rhymes a b c b.Blank verse（无韵诗） Verse in iambic pentameter without rhyme scheme, often us

14、ed in verse drama in the sixteenth century and later used for poetry. Burlesque（诙谐作品） An imitation of a literary style, or of human action, that aims to ridicule by incongruity style and subject. High burlesque involves a high style for a low subject, for instance, Alexander Popes The Rape of the Lo

15、ck.Byronic hero（拜伦式英雄） A character type portrayed by George Lord Gordon Byron in many of his early narrative poems, especially Child Harolds Pilgrimage. The Byronic hero is a brooding solitary, who seeks exotic travel and wild nature to reflect his superhuman passions. He is capable of great sufferi

16、ng and guilty of some terrible, unspecified crime, but bears this guilt with pride, as it sets him apart from society, revealing the meaninglessness of ordinary moral values. He is misanthropic, defiant, rebellious, nihilistic and hypnotically fascinating to others.Canto（诗章） A division of a long poe

17、m, especially an epic. Dantes Divine Comedy, Byrons Don Juan and Ezra Pounds The Cantos are all divided into these chapter-length sections.Carpe Diem（及时行乐） A poem advising someone to “seize the day” or “seize the hour”. Usually the genre is addressed by a man to a young woman who is urged to stop pr

18、evaricating in sexual or emotional matters.Cavalier poets（骑士诗人） English lyric poets during the reign of Charles I. Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, Thomas Carew, Edmund Waller and Robert Herrick are the representatives of this group. Cavalier poetry is mostly concerned with love, and employs a v

19、ariety of lyric forms.Cockney school of poetry （伦敦佬诗派） A derisive term for certain London-based writers, including Leigh Hunt, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt and John Keats. This term was invented by the Scottish journalist John Gibson Lockhart in an anonymous series of article on The Cockney

20、 School of Poetry, in which he mocked the supposed stylistic vulgarity of these writers.Complaint （怨诗） A poetic genre in which the poet complains, often about his beloved. Geoffery Chaucers “Complaint to His Purse”, Edward Youngs “The Complaint”, or “Night Thoughts” are examples.Conceit（奇思妙喻） Origin

21、ally it meant simply a thought or an opinion. The term came to be used in a derogatory way to describe a particular kind of far-fetched metaphorical association. It has now lost this pejorative overtone and simply denotes a special sort of figurative device. The distinguishing quality of a conceit i

22、s that it should forge an unexpected comparison between two apparently dissimilar things or ideas. The classic example is John Donnes The Flea and A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.Didactic poetry（说教诗） Poetry designed to teach or preach as a primary purpose.Dirge （挽歌） Any song of mourning, shorter

23、and less formal than an elegy. Shakespeares Full Fathom Five in The Tempest is a famous example.Dithyramb（酒神颂歌） A Greek choric hymn in honour of Dionysus. In general “dithyrambic” is applied to a wildly enthusiastic song or chant.Eclogue （牧歌）A pastoral poem, especially a pastoral dialogue, usually i

24、ndebted to the Virgillian tradition.Elegy（挽诗） A poem of lamentation, concentrating on the death of a single person, like Alfred Tennysons “In Memoriam”, Thomas Grays “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, or W. B. Yeatss “In Memory of Major Robert Gregory”.Epic（史诗） A long narrative poem in elevate

25、d style, about the adventures of a hero whose exploits are important to the history of a nation. The more famous epics in western literature are Homers Iliad, Virgils Aeneid, Dantes Divine Comedy and John Miltons Paradise Lost.Epigram（警句诗） A polished, terse and witty remark that packs generalized kn

26、owledge into short compass.Epigraph（铭文） A short quotation cited at the start of a book or chapter to point up its theme and associate its content with learning. Also an inscription on a monument or building explaining its purpose.Epitaph（墓志铭） An inscription on a tomb or a piece of writing suitable f

27、or that purpose, generally summing up someones life, sometimes in praise, sometimes in satire. John Keats wrote an Epitaph for himself. It says, “Here lies one whose name is writ in water.”Epithet（表述词语） From Latin epitheton, from Greek epitithenai meaning “to add”, an adjective or adjective cluster

28、that is associated with a particular person or thing and that usually seems to capture their prominent characteristics. For example, “Ethelred the unready”, or “fleet-footed Achilles” in Alexander Popes version of The Iliad.Folk ballad（民间歌谣） A narrative poem designed to be sung, composed by an anony

29、mous author, and transmitted orally for years or generations before being written down. It has usually undergone modification through the process of oral transmission.Foot（音步） a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables.Free verse（自由诗） Verse released from the convention of mete

30、r, with its regular pattern of stresses and line length. Georgian Poetry： the title of a series of anthologies showcasing the work of a school of English poetry that established itself during the early years of the reign of King George V of the United Kingdom. Edward Marsh was the general editor of

31、the series and the centre of the circle of Georgian poets, which included Rupert Brooke. It has been suggested that Brooke himself took a hand in some of the editorial choices.Graveyard poets（墓园诗人） Several 18th century poets wrote mournfully pensive poems on the nature of death, which were set in gr

32、aveyards or inspired by gloomy nocturnal meditations. Examples of this minor but popular genre are Thomas Parnells “Night-Piece on Death”, Edward Youngs “Night Thoughts” and Robert Blairs “The Grave”. Thomas Grays “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” owes something to this vogue.Haiku（ 俳句） A Japanese lyric form dating from the 13th century which consists of seventeen syllables used in three lines: 5/7/5. Several 20th century English and American poets have experimented with the form, including Ezra Pound.Heroic couplet（英雄双韵体） Lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pa