大唐西市博物馆讲解词.docx

1、大唐西市博物馆讲解词大唐西市博物馆语音导览讲解词1.观众朋友们，大家好。欢迎来到大唐西市博物馆参观游览。大唐西市博物馆是佳鑫集团在进行地产开发时舍弃商业利益出资建于唐长安西市遗址上的中国首座民营遗址类博物馆，成为民营资本保护文化遗产的典范。大唐西市博物馆占地面积15亩，建筑面积3.2万平方米，展览区面积0.8万平方米，其中遗址保护面积2500平方米。馆藏文物两万余件，以西市遗址出土文物和博物馆创办人二十年来精藏文物为主。上起商周，下迄明清，跨越绵绵三千余载。精美神秘的青铜器，绚丽多彩的陶瓷器，千姿百态的陶俑，璀璨夺目的金银器，精美绝伦的丝绸，巧夺天工的玉器，还有大量的货币、墓志、宗教、建筑类文

2、物充盈库藏，为精彩纷呈的陈列展览奠定了坚实基础。大唐西市博物馆设有基本陈列、专题展览、临时展览、特别展览等完备的陈列展览体系，集历史、艺术、民俗、藏友收藏等内容为一体，常看常新。位于一、二层的基本陈列丝路起点 盛世商魂展出了唐代西市东北“十字街”遗址、车辙遗迹和部分出土文物，介绍了历史上西市的概貌、交易品类、商业文化和繁华胜景；三层专题展览丝绸之路“百工”体验展为您演绎了几种古代丝路上的传统工艺制作过程。临时展览是一个西市博物馆的交流展示的平台，将陆续推出反映丝路文化、唐代商业文化及不同主题的各类展览；四层特别展览精品选粹将让您近距离鉴赏文物，领略古器物之美，精彩的陈列展览让您如身临其境。弹指

3、千年，沧海桑田，虽当年盛唐西市的繁华已逝，但美好的记忆永驻，在这里，您将跨越时空，回到盛世长安，重睹西市风采。2唐长安城平面图 遗址大厅地面上铸铜的是唐代长安城平面图。唐长安城建于隋大兴城的基础上，是由鲜卑人宇文恺设计并主持修建的，面积83.1平方公里，是我国唐代即公元七世纪世界上最大的城市。隋唐长安城的里坊制度将贸易区和居住区分开，然后实行统一管理。在朱雀大街的两侧，设置东西两市，西市有东西向和南北向的大街各两条，平行交叉成“井”字型，将西市分成九个区域，俗称九宫格。西市街道的宽度约为16米左右，也就是我们现在看到的一楼遗址大厅的宽度。西市作为商业市场，交通便利、贸易繁荣，又直通西去丝绸之路

4、的金光门和开远门，市场内聚居着来自丝绸之路沿线各国、各地区的胡商，他们在西市开设店铺、酒肆、邸店等场所，使这里成为公元七世纪最繁华的世界贸易中心。You can see the floor plan of Changan of Tang Dynasty in cast copper at the ground of the Site Hall. The Changan City of Tang was built on the foundation of Daxing City of Sui Dynasty, which was designed and directed by Yuwen K

5、ai of Xianbei nationality. It covered an area of 83.1 square kilometers, the largest city of in the 7th-century world. The wards system of Changan in Sui and Tang separated and conducted unified management on the trade district and residential district. The East and West Market were set up respectiv

6、ely at two sides of the Zhuque Avenue. The West Market had two streets in east-west direction and other two in south-north direction to form intersecting parallels, and thus it was divided into 9 blocks, widely known as “three by three grid”. The street of the West Market was approximately 16 meters

7、, the same as the width of the Site Hall at the first floor which we can see now. The West Market was a commercial market with convenient traffic and prosperous trade, running straight to the Jinguang Gate and Kaiyuan Gate, which led to the Silk Road. Many merchants came from countries or regions al

8、ong the Silk Road, gathered in the market, opened stores, wine shops and trade houses in West Market, making the market the most prosperous trade center of the world in the 7th century.3.遗址出土文物Cultural Relics Unearthed from the Site焦木：唐代末年，社会动乱、群雄纷起，长安城不断遭到火灾和战乱的破坏，公元904年，朱温劫持唐昭宗东行时，拆毁长安的建筑，将木料投入黄河送

9、往洛阳，一个世界性的大都市从此灰飞烟灭，西市也未能幸免于难。您看到的这些焦木便是西市经受火灾之后遗留下来的。Burnt wood: At the end of Tang Dynasty, Changan city constantly suffered from damages by fire and wars due to the social unrest and uprisings everywhere. In 904, the constructions of Changan were demolished when Zhu Wen hijacked Emperor Tang Zhao

10、zong, and woods were thrown to the Yellow River to be sent to Luo Yang. The large city of the world was gone since then, as well as the West Market. The burnt wood you can see here was the trace of the fire.4.粮食加工工具一组A Set of Tools for Grain Processing大石臼Large Stone Mortar具体用法是将稻谷放入臼中，用石杵不断捶捣把稻谷外壳去除

11、，经过加工的稻米做出的饭食，不但口感细腻，而且利于人体吸收。西市的一些手工业加工也需要捣碎原料，像染料、药材、末茶等。这也正是西市出有很多小石臼的原因。还有石磨石碾也是粮食加工工具，主要用来碾磨面粉。西市有不少的食店卖的各种炊饼，就是用这种粮食加工工具磨制成的面粉制成的。The specific method was to put the rice grain into the mortar, and to pound the grain to remove the shell. The rice made is smooth, soft and easy to be absorbed. So

12、me handicrafts processing also needs to pound raw materials, such as dyes, medicinal materials and dust tea. This is why so many small stone mortars could be found in West Market. Besides, the stone mill was also the tool for grain processing, mainly for milling flour. Quite a few pastry shops sold

13、various steamed cakes made by this kind of flour.5.陀罗尼石经幢Dharani Stone Sutra Pillar经幢是刻有佛的名字或者经咒的石柱，这一石经幢，为八棱柱形，是在2009年夏季，大唐西市项目施工建设时，于西市遗址附近出土。上刻文字12行，每行51字，从经幢的铭文来看，是唐宪宗李纯元和十四年间的遗物。此时佛教信仰在社会上极为普遍，信众广泛，西市附近出土石经幢，证明它是社会公众活动的重要场所，周围有佛教寺院。Sutra pillars refer to the stone pillars carved with the name o

14、f Buddhists or sutras. This sutra pillar, in shape of octagon, was unearthed near the West Market site during the construction of Tang West Market project in the summer of 2009. 12 rows of words, with each row of 51 characters, could be found on the pillar. Seen from the inscription on the sutra pil

15、lar, this was manufactured in the 14th year of Tang Xianzong Period. At that time, Buddhism was very popular, and the stone sutra pillar unearthed near the West Market illustrated that the market is an important place for social public events and temples existed nearby.6 白石莲花座White Stone Lotus Pedes

16、tal莲花图案的意义一是代表建筑等级高，二是可能与佛教有关，总之不是一般人随便使用的；莲花台座上面原可能用于安放佛像，也可能是房屋木柱的柱础。The pattern of Lotus has two meanings, the high-grade construction and holy article in Buddhism. This lotus pedestal might be used for placing the Buddhist statue or the column base for the wood columns of houses.石宝珠顶：宝珠在佛教里代表光明和

17、智慧，很多佛教法器上都有它的造型。这件石宝珠顶很可能是石灯的顶部。Stone Pearl Cover: Pearl refers to brightness and wisdom in Buddhism, which can be widely found in instruments for Buddhists. This piece of stone pearl cover might be the cover of stone lights7.西市东北“十字街”遗址 Site of “Cross Street” at the Northeast of Tang West Market从上

18、世纪50年代后期开始，中国社会科学院考古研究所先后对西市遗址进行了三次考古发掘，获得重要发现。对于了解唐长安城商业和手工业，探索唐长安城都市生活面貌有很大意义。西市经考古发掘实测，南北长1031米，东西宽927米，约合今天的1600亩，面积相当于两个半天安门广场。2006年，中国社会科学院考古研究所对西市遗址进行发掘时，在东北方向清理出部分街道路面。经过发掘，揭露出一处保存较好的十字街遗址，即东北十字街。2007年经国家文物局批准，被补充到丝路各国联合申报世界文化遗产项目后补名录。Since the late 1950s, the Institute of Archaeology, Chine

19、se Academy of Social Sciences has conducted three times of archaeological excavations on the West Market site and obtained significant findings, which plays an important role in comprehending the commerce and handicraft of Changan and exploring the life in Changan of Tang Dynasty. According to the o

20、n-the-spot survey by the archaeological excavation, West Market was 1,031 meters long in south-north direction and 927 meters wide in east-west direction, covering an area of 1,600 mus, equal to two and a half Tiananmen Square. In 2006, part of the street in the northeast was retrieved in the excava

21、tion of the West Market by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. A cross street site was revealed well-preserved through this excavation, which was known as the Northeast “Cross Street”. It was listed in the subsequent directory of the project of Application for World Cul

22、tural Heritage by Countries along the Silk Road.8.唐代丝绸之路示意图 Sketch Map of the Silk Road of Tang Dynasty大厅的右墙壁上方，我们看到的是目前国内体量最大和文化信息含量最丰富的唐代丝绸之路示意图。“丝绸之路”是德国地理学家李希霍芬在1877年提出的，顾名思义，是以运送丝绸为主的商路，它沟通了古代中国与南亚、西亚及欧洲、北非的陆上贸易往来。At the top of the right wall of the hall, we can see the largest sketch map of th

23、e Silk Road of Tang Dynasty with the richest cultural information. The “Silk Road” was put forward by Richthofen, the German geographer, in 1877, which means it is a commercial route mainly for delivering silk. It linked up trades between China and South Asia, West Asia and Europe as well as the Nor

24、th Asia.这幅示意图上面三条最粗的线为唐代陆上丝路的主干线，从北到南依次称为丝绸之路的北、中、南线。其中路也是汉代张骞当年出使西域行走的路线，它从长安即现在的西安出发跨过黄河到达甘肃武威，进入河西走廊，西行到敦煌，敦煌是丝绸之路中国段一个重要节点，丝路由此被分成两条，一条向西北方向，出玉门关进入新疆境内，沿天山南麓，也就是塔克拉玛干沙漠的北沿，经高昌、龟兹、疏勒，越过帕米尔高原到大宛，这就是汉代丝绸之路的北线，唐代称为中线。The three widest lines in the sketch map refer to the main lines in the Silk Road o

25、n land of Tang Dynasty, which respectively are known as the northern, middle and southern line of the Silk Road from the north to the south. The middle line was the way that Zhang Qian was sent to the Western regions in Han Dynasty. It was started from Changan (now Xian), reaching Wuwei in Gansu by

26、crossing the Yellow River, entering the Gansu Corridor, and arriving at Dunhuang. Dunhuang is an important place in the Silk Road in China, from which the Road was divided into two lines, one for the northwestern direction, entering Xinjiang by Yumen Pass, walking along the south slope of Tianshan M

27、ountain (the northern edge of Taklamakan Desert), passing Gaochang, Qiuci, Shule, crossing the Pamirs and reaching Dawan. And this is the northern line of the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, and named as the middle line in Tang Dynasty.从敦煌出发走另一条道路是向西南著名的关口阳关，进入新疆境内，沿塔克拉玛干沙漠的南沿，经于阗即今天的和田，然后越过帕米尔高原，到达大月氏，即今

28、天的阿姆河中部，这就是丝绸之路的南线，也是唐代的南线。Starting from Dunhuang, the other way directed to the Yangguan Gateway well-known in the southwest, entering Xinjiang, walking along the southern edge of Taklamakan Desert, passing Khotan (now Hetian), crossing the Pamirs and reaching Darouzhi (now the middle area of Amu D

29、arya River). This is the southern line of the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, and the southern line in Tang Dynasty.两汉以后，沿天山以北又增加了一条线路，从玉门关到伊吾就是今天的哈密，弓月城即今天的新疆霍城，渡伊犁河，翻越帕米尔高原过碎叶，也就是大诗人李白的出生地西行，这条线比汉代的北线更北，到唐时就称为北线，而汉代的北线则成了唐代丝绸之路的中线。After the Han Dynasty, one line was added along the northern edge of Tian

30、shan Mountain, starting from Yumen Pass, arriving at Yiwu (now Hami) and Gongyue City (now Huocheng Xinjiang), crossing the Ili River, passing the Pamirs and Suiye (the birthplace of Li Bai, the famous poet). This line was even in farther north, so it was named as the northern line in Tang Dynasty,

31、while the northern line in Han Dynasty was renamed as the middle line of the Silk Road in Tang Dynasty.三条路线在大宛的木鹿也就是今天中亚乌兹别克斯坦的马里，汇合在一起继续向西延伸，一直经过安息，也就是今天的伊朗，到达地中海的东岸。从长安算起，这条东西向交通干线，大约长7，000多公里，这也就是我们最常听到的陆上丝绸之路的里程。The three lines joined at the Mulu of Dawan (Mali in Uzbekistan of Central Asia) and

32、 stretched together towards the west, passing Anxi (now Iran) and arriving at the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The mainline for communication in east-west direction was approximately 7,000 kilometers from Changan, which is the most well-known length of the Silk Road on land.现在，还有海上丝绸之路的说法，但这种提法出现较晚，具体的起始点也各有不同，但海上丝路始于西汉、盛于汉唐却是大家一致公认的。而我们知道，汉唐时中国的首都都是长安，货物起运、使节出访都是从长安开始的，经海上丝路运来的货物最终也大都运到了长安，所以，也有人将海上丝路的起点也算到长安。通过丝绸之路，唐朝与中亚、西亚广大地区保持着密切的联系，当时与唐朝有紧密联系的国家、地区达三百个之多。Recently, the statement of Marine Silk Road is very popular. Though it was put forward later with differen