高中英语赢在篇章之人物传记生活和学习含答案.docx

1、高中英语赢在篇章之人物传记生活和学习含答案赢在篇章之人物传记（生活与学习）导学一 人物传记类记叙文概述1：文体的特征和框架结构 高考英语阅读理解人物传记类文章的命题以细节理解题居多，其次是推理判断题，然后是主旨大意题、作者意图题、猜词题等。这类文章一般难度不大，应该是阅读理解的得分点。但是由于缺乏恰当的阅读策略和解题技巧，很多考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。要想掌握人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧，提高阅读速度，在高考中得到高分，就要了解人物传记类阅读理解的一般特征。人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包

2、含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。这类文章，从词汇方面看，考纲外词汇不多，甚至没有。从文章内容方面看，内容简单，好理解。从命题角度看，通常会考察关于该人物的大量细节题，有些细节考察的很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。 2：解题方法 1

3、.寻读细找法寻读细找法一般适用于细节理解题型。先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语认真比较选项和文中细节的区别在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。2.引申推理法引申推理法往往应用于推理判断题型。推理判断题的正确选项是从文章当中某句话或某些段落当中引申、推理出来的，即“来自原文，高于原文”。解答这种类型的题目时，要注意：(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。(2)对文字的表面信息进行加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事

4、论事，断章取义，以偏概全。(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的。3.主旨概括法此方法一般用于阅读理解的最后一道题主旨大意概括题，主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。人物传记类文体阅读理解中的主旨大意题型不同于一般的阅读理解主

5、旨大意题，它需要学生通读全文，把握文章的主旨，通过对文章的整体性理解，才能有效完成。学生做题时要特别注意文章的首段和尾段，正确选项要能准确概括所描写人物的特点。【规律技巧】在解读人物传纪类文章时，应特别注意找出主要人物、事件发生的时间、地点、主要情节以及最后结局。注意主人公的主要特征，主人公与其他重要人物之间的关系。注意一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字(不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找)。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。(2019届河北省石家庄二中高

6、三第二学期模拟考试B篇)Born in the State of New York on May 14th, 1984, Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success. In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the classics, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise. It e

7、arned him admission to Harvard University.As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university an instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based on appearance.The site was controversial for several reasons. The first

8、was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with. The second was its controversial nature not every student like being ranked based on their appearance. The third was its huge resource use while it was hosted on Harvard servers, it was the most popular page in th

9、e universitys entire network.Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut the site down, but its popularity and controversy had made him consider its future potential. He soon turned the simple site into a personal one for Harvard students, encouraging them to network with their peers at the college. It was t

10、hen, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”, which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.The company has been criticized frequently, nev

11、ertheless, Zuckerberg has remained true to his initial vision to create a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easily with one another and to keep the user experience clean and pure. The end result is one of the worlds biggest online businesses.Although its true value is d

12、ebatable, its safe to say that Facebook, and its creator Mark Zuckerberg, are two of the twenty-first centurys most influential, controversial, and potentially powerful figures.1. What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?A. He was often praised by teachers for the website he crea

13、ted.B. He had good academic performance.C. He alone created a website called Facebook.D. He encouraged students to set up business like him.2. Why did Zuckerberg shut the site down?A. Because his website was not popular.B. Because he was doubted for the way he used photographs.C. Because he needed t

14、ime to reconsider his choice.D. Because he stole resource on Harvard server.3. Which words can best describe Zuckerberg?A. Easy-going and smart.B. Quiet and shy.C. Talented and outgoing.D. Rebellious and creative.4. What is the best title of the passage?A. Mark Zuckerberg and his FacebookB. The Foun

15、dation of FacebookC. A Talent from Harvard UniversityD. The Development of Facebook文章结构分析段落部分词句+段落特点1简要介绍Born in；he was considered, 2-5主要事迹或成就he created a website;He soon turned the simple site into a personal one;Zuckerberg has remained true to his initial vision.6评价Although, its safe to say that F

16、acebook, and its creator Mark Zuckerberg, are【答案】1-4. BBDA本文为人物传记，主要讲述了Mark Zuckerberg的一些事迹。1.B.细节题。根据原文“In his high school years, he was considered one of top students”可知，Mark还在学校时，就被认为是尖子生之一，所以B项正确。2.B.细节题。根据原文“The site was controversial for several reasons. The first was its illegal use of photog

17、raphs, which the university and students took issue with”可知，Mark的网站备受争议的一个重要原因就是照片的非法利用。3.D.细节题。根据原文“As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university”可知，学生时代的Mark兼备了叛逆及创新意识于一身。rebellious adj.叛逆的，creative adj.有创造性思维的。所以选项D正确。4.A.主旨题。根据整篇文章可知，主要在讲学生时

18、代的Mark以及后来Facebook的诞生。故选项A正确。导学二 生活与学习类话题高频词汇学校生活与语言学习类话题属于高考24个常考话题，历年真题当中也会涉及学校生活与语言学习类话题的篇章命题。常用词汇包括阅读和写作常见的词汇、短语和句型。识记此类话题词汇能够增加写作的词汇储备，丰富作文的句式表达。学校生活类高频词汇及短语1. 预习功课_2. 上课_3. 专心于_4. 牢记，背诵_5. 复习功课_6. 努力学习_7. 尽力；尽最大的努力_8. 充分利用_9. 在方面取得进步_10.赶上某人_11.参加入学考试_12.考试作弊_13.通过考试/不及格_14.（数学）得满分_15.获得奖学金_16

19、.获得好成绩_17.课后/放学后_18.算出；解决_19.解决问题_20.坚持做某事_21.高度赞扬某人_22.因某事表扬某人_23.尊敬老师和家长_24.迟到/缺席_25.遵守/违反学校的规章制度_【答案】1. prepare for/preview lessons2. have lessons3. be absorbed in4. learnby heart; keepin mind5. review/ go over the lesson6. work hard at7. do/try ones best8. make full use of/ take advantage of9. m

20、ake progress in10. catch up with sb; keep up with sb11. take an entrance examination12. cheat in the exam13. pass/fail the examination14. get full marks (for maths)15. gain scholarship16. get good grades17. after class/ after school18. work out19. solve the problem20. insist on doing sth21. speak hi

21、ghly of sb22. praise sb for sth23. respect teachers and parents24. be late for/ be absent from25. obey/break the school rules and regulations语言学习类高频词汇及短语1. 培养对英语的兴趣_2. 如何记忆单词_3. 扩大某人的词汇量_4. 查词典_5. 参加英语演讲比赛_6. 写英语日记_7. 养成阅读习惯_8. 每天练习英语口语_9. 尽可能经常使用英语_10.培养用英语思考的习惯_11.大胆而自信地说英语_12.提高写作能力/技巧_13.（通过实践）学

22、会法语_14.流利表达意思_15.强调语法学习_16.有效的学习方法_17.良好的学习态度_18.精通英语_19.更好地了解这两种不同文化_20.就如何学好英语给我们提些建议_21.提高学习效率_22.作为国际交流的一种工具_23.消除误会_24.我觉得记单词很难_25.对于A和B这两者的区别，我感到很迷惑_【答案】语言学习类高频词汇及短语1. develop ones interest in English2. how to remember English words3. enlarge ones vocabulary4. refer to the dictionary/look up a

23、 word in the dictionary5. take part in the English speech contest6. keep a diary in English7. form the habit of reading8. practice spoken/oral English every day9. use English as often as possible10. develop the habit of thinking in English11. speak English bravely and confidently12. improve ones wri

24、ting ability/skills13. pick up French14. express oneself fluently15. focus on learning grammar16. effective learning methods17. a good attitude to learning18. have a good command of English19. have a better understanding of the two different culture20. give us some advice on how to learn English21.

25、improve the learning efficiency22. as a tool of international communication23. clear the air; smooth away the misunderstanding24. I feel it difficult to learn words by heart.25. I am confused about the difference between A and B.导学三 生活与学习类话题篇章分析1:阅读理解Ireland, Japan, China scientists share the 2015 N

26、obel Prize for medicine. William Campbell，Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize for their work against diseases，the award-giving body said on Monday.Tu Youyou, a scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, has no postgraduate degree. She has never studied or done research abroad. She is neither a