高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之九Unit9 非谓语动词.docx

1、高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之九Unit9 非谓语动词2005年高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之九Unit9 非谓语动词 发布者:zsl作者: 加入日期：06-02-17-一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)be+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、

2、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语

3、补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+sb.todosth.主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider/feel+sb.+tobe/tohavedone主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the

4、first、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too,soastodo,such+名词a

5、stodo作结果状语，如:Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.Imnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、

6、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。（B）was/wereto+不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect/hope/mean/promise/supp

7、ose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。Whathedidwaslosethegame.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do

8、,后省to”。Dontdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、cantbut等词后省to。如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.Youcamelat

9、elastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.IknowIoughttohave.常见的有：Idlike/love/behappyto.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,eacape,permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,l

10、ookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。介词后要接动名词。whatabout、howabout、without、befondof、begoodat等介词后接动名词。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引导的从中。作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如onhisarrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,

11、prefer,cantstand例句解析1.Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.2.Itwasbeginningtosnow.3.Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.4.Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdontliketo.5.Idontprefertoswimintherivernow.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember,forget,regret,try例句解析1.Iremembertomeetheratthes

12、tation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.2.Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.3.Iregretnothavingworkinghard.Iregrettohearofyoursistersdeath.4.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.5.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.1.remembertodosth.记住要

13、做的事rememberdoingsth.回顾过去发生的事2.forgettodosth.忘记要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过的事3.regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔4.trytodosth.设法，试图trydoingsth.试试看，试一试5.meantodosth.打算做，想要meandoingsth.意味着，就是want,require,need例句解析Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.ThepatientrequiredexaminedThepatie

14、ntrequiredtobeexamined.1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做2.wantdoingwanttobedone3.requiredoingrequiretobedone4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.Nothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher.原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleav

15、ethemanote伴随状语Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.结果状语Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。S.+be+动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S.+be+动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：感官动词动

16、词原形做了某事S+宾语+现在分词正在做某事使役动词过去分词做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.=Becausehewastiredbythetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.=Ashewaslostinthought,healmostranintoacar.（2）作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=When

17、thecityisseenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.（3）作条件状语Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.=IfIhavebeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.（4）伴随状语Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandwasfollowedbysomestudents.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格

18、结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim. 二、精典名题导解选择填空1._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2001)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语forpeople，所以应用现在分词，

19、又因already，应用完成时。2.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_them.(2001年春季高考)A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过，凭”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+v.ing”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。3.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000年春季高考)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung解

20、析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。三、专项训练1.Doyounoticetheboy_thestreetnow?A.crossingB.crossC.tocrossD.crossed2.Haveyouheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.knockingB.knockC.toknockD.wasknocking3.Thethiefwaswatched_abank.A.enterB.enteredC.toente

21、rD.haveentered4.Wecandependontheworkers_outtheplan.A.carryingB.carryC.carriedD.tocarry5.Haveyougotenoughroom_allthepeople?A.toseatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseated6.Heissaid_sixforeignlanguages.A.tolearnB.tohavelearnedC.learnedD.beinglearning7.Isitpossible_intwomonths?A.thebuildingtofinishB.forthebuildi

22、ngtofinishC.forthebuildingtobefinishedD.thebuildingtobefinished8.Thefilmisreported_onshowatthecinema.A.beingB.willbeC.tobeingD.tobe9._asthebestoneintheclass,hewonhighpraise.A.RegardedB.RegardingC.ToregardD.Regard10.Icouldnthelp_sorryforcominglate.A.feltB.feelingC.feelD.tofeel11._inanaccident,thepass

23、engersweretakentoanearbyhospital.A.BeinginjuredB.InjuringC.InjuredD.Tobeinjured12.Thesoldierdideverythinghecould_theboyinwater.A.saveB.savingC.savedD.tosave13.Thewoman_ismyEnglishteacher.A.beingspokentoB.tospeaktoC.speakingtoD.spoken14.ProfessorSaifersetout_ancienthistorytwoyearsago.A.studyingB.tost

24、udyC.studyD.studied15.Shespoketooquickly_.A.tounderstandB.nottounderstandC.tobewalkingD.walking16.Wetalkedwhile_.A.towalkB.walkedC.tobewalkingD.walking17.Therewasan_bookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.A.excitedB.exciteC.excitingD.excitedly18.Wewereall_atthe_news.A.surprised;surprisedB.surprised;surp

25、risingC.surprising;surprisingD.surprising;surprised19.Thisistheveryproblem_thismorning.A.discussB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.discussing20.Itiswellknownthatatigerlooksvery_.A.frightenedB.beingfrightenedC.tofrightenD.frightening21._theperformancestarted.A.AfterwetookourseatsB.HavingtakenourseatsC.Takin

26、gourseatsD.Beingtakentheseats.22._worriedusverymuch.A.TomfellinB.TomsfallingillC.TomhasfallenillD.Tomtofallill23.Thisquestionneeds_withgreatcare.A.tostudyB.beingstudiedC.studyingD.studied24.Istillremember_toBeijingwhenIwasachild.A.beingtakenB.takingC.totakeD.tobetaken25._upanddowntheplatform,helookedanxiouslyathiswatchallthetime.A.TowalkB.TohavewalkedC.HavingwalkedD.Walking26.Whatabout_awalkoutside?