热控专业设计需要掌握的基础知识四专业技术标语.docx

1、热控专业设计需要掌握的基础知识四专业技术标语IEC 61511标准术语简介(一)过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全(FunctionalsaftySafety instrmented systems for the process industry sector)IEC 61511-1过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第1部分：框架、定义、系统、硬件和软件要求IEC 61511-2过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第2部分：IEC 61511的应用指南IEC 61511-3过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第3部分：确定要求的安全完整性等级的指南说明：以下术语摘录自IEC61511标准和相关的标准翻译稿

2、，其中有一些术语在前面出现过，但表述略有不同，差别反映了过程控制领域的习惯与特殊性。结构architectureArrangementof hardware and/or software elements in a system, for example(1) arrangementof safety instrumented system (SIS) subsystems(2)internal structure of an SIS subsystem(3)arrangement of software programs系统中硬件和/或软件元素的安排，如：（1）安全仪表系统（SIS）子系统

3、的安排；（2）SIS子系统的内部结构；（3）软件程序的安排。资产保护assetprotectionFunction allocatedto system design for the purpose of preventing loss to assets为防止资产损失分配给系统设计的功能。基本过程控制系统（BPCS）basic process control system（BPCS）Systemwhich responds to input signals form the process, its associated equipment,other programmable system

4、s and/or an operator and generates output signalscausing the process and its associated equipment to operate in the desiredmanner but which does not perform any safety instrumented functions with aclaimed SIL1对来自过程的、系统相关设备的、其他可编程系统的和/或某个操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程和系统相关设备按要求方式运行的系统，但它并不执行任何具有被声明的SIL1的仪表安全功能。

5、通道channelelement orgroup of elements that independently perform(s) a function独立执行一个功能的一个或一组元素。编码coding共同原因失效commoncause failurefailure,which is the result of one or more events, causing failures of two or moreseparate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure由一个或多个事件引起一个多通道系统中

6、的两个或多个分离通道失效，从而导致系统失效的一种失效。共同模式失效commonmode failurefailure oftwo or more channels in the same way, causing the same erroneous result两个或多个通道以同样的方式引起相同的误差结果的失效。部件componentone of theparts of a system, subsystem, or device performing a specific function执行某一特定功能的系统、子系统或装置的一个组成部分。配置configuration配置管理config

7、uration managementdisciplineof identifying the components of an evolving (hardware and software) system forthe purpose of controlling changes to those components and maintainingcontinuity and traceability throughout the life cycle为了在生命周期全过程中控制组件的变化（硬件和软件）和保持连续性和可追溯性，对进化系统（硬件和软件）中组件的识别规则。控制系统controls

8、ystemsystemwhich responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator andgenerates output signals causing the process to operate in the desired manner对来自过程和/或操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程按要求方式运行的输出信号的系统。危险失效dangerousfailurefailurewhich has the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a

9、 hazardous orfail-to-function state可能使安全仪表系统潜在地处于某种危险或功能丧失状态的失效。相关失效dependentfailurefailurewhose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of theunconditional probabilities of the individual events which caused it其概率不能表示为引起失效的独立事件的无条件概率的简单乘积的失效。检测到的detected揭露的revealed明显的overtin relationt

10、o hardware failures and software faults, detected by the diagnostic tests orthrough normal operation在与硬件失效和软件故障有关时，通过诊断测试或正常操作发现的。装置devicefunctionalunit of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specifiedpurpose能实现某个规定目的的硬件或软件或者二者结合的功能单元诊断覆盖率（DC）diagnostic coverage (DC)ratio ofthe

11、 detected failure rate to the total failure rate of the component orsubsystem as detected by diagnostic tests. Diagnostic coverage does not includeany faults detected by proof tests.诊断测试检测到的部件或子系统的失效率与总失效率之比。诊断覆盖率不包含由检验测试检测到的任何故障。多样性diversityexistenceof different means performing a required function

12、执行一个要求功能存在不同方法。电气/电子/可编程电子（E/E/PE）electrical/electronic/programmableelectronicbased onelectrical (E) and/or electronic (E) and/or programmable electronic (PE)technology基于电气（E）和/或电子（E）和/或可编程电子（PE）技术。误差errordiscrepancybetween a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true,specified o

13、r theoretically correct value or condition计算出的、观测到的和测量到的值或条件，和真实的、规定的或理论上正确的值或条件之间的差异。外部风险降低设施external risk reduction facilitiesmeasuresto reduce or mitigate the risks, which are separate and distinct from the SIS与SIS分离且性质不同的降低或减少风险的措施。失效failuretermination of the abilityof a functional unit to perfo

14、rm a required function功能单元执行一个要求功能的能力的终止。故障faultabnormal condition that maycause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a functional unit toperform a required function可能引起功能单元执行要求功能的能力降低或丧失的异常状况。故障避免fault avoidanceuse of techniques andprocedures which aim to avoid the introduction of faults d

15、uring any phase ofthe safety life cycle of the safety instrum ented system在安全仪表系统安全生命周期的任何阶段中为避免引入故障而使用的技术和程序。故障裕度fault toleranceability of a functionalunit to continue to perform a required function in the presence of faults orerrors在出现故障或误差的情况下，功能单元继续执行要求功能的能力。最终元件final elementpart of a safetyinst

16、rumented system which implements the physical action necessary to achieve asafe state执行实现某种安全状态所必需的实际动作的安全仪表系统的组成部分。功能安全functional safetypart of the overall safetyrelating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioningof the SIS and other protection layers与过程和BPCS有关的整体安全的组成部分，它

17、取决于SIS和其他保护层的正确功能执行。功能安全评估functional safetyassessmentinvestigation, based onevidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more protectionlayers基于证据的调查，以判定由一个或多个保护层所实现的功能安全。功能安全审核functional safety auditsystematic and independentexamination to determine whether the procedures specific to

18、 the functionalsafety requirements comply with the planned arrangements, are implementedeffectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives对于按计划安排的功能安全要求专用的规范是否有效地执行并满意地达到规定目的进行系统地、独立的检查。功能单元functional unitentity of hardware orsoftware, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purp

19、ose能够完成规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。硬件安全完整性hardware safety integritypart of the safetyintegrity of the safety instrumented function relating to random hardwarefailures in a dangerous mode of failure在危险失效模式中，与硬件随机失效有关的仪表安全功能的安全完整性的一部分。伤害harmphysical injury or damageto the health of people, either directly or

20、indirectly, as a result of damageto property or to the environment由财产或环境的破坏而直接或间接导致的人身伤害或人体健康的损害。危险hazardpotential source of harm伤害的潜在根源。人为误差human error失误mistakehuman action or inactionthat produces an unintended result引发非期望结果的人的动作或不动作。影响分析impact analysisactivity of determining theeffect that a chan

21、ge to a function or component will have to other functions orcomponents in that system as well as to other systems确定一个系统中的一个功能或部件的改变，对该系统和其他系统中其他功能或部件影响的活动。独立部门independent departmentdepartment which isseparate and distinct form the departments responsible for the activities whichtake place during th

22、e specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subjectto the functional safety assessment or validation在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，同负责所发生活动的部门分开且不同的部门。独立组织independent organizationorganization which isseparate and distinct, by management and other resources, from theorganizations responsible for the a

23、ctivities which take place during thespecific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functionalsafety assessment or validation在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，通过管理和其他资源同负责所发生活动的组织分开且不同的组织。IEC 61511标准术语简介(二)独立人员independent personperson who is separate and distinct from theactivities which take

24、place during the specific phase of the safety life cyclethat is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation and does nothave direct responsibility for those activities在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，同所发生活动分开且不同的人员，这些人员并不直接负责那些活动。输入功能input functionfunction which monitors the process and itsasso

25、ciated equipment in order to provide input information for the logic solver为了给逻辑解算器提供输入信息，监视过程及其相关设备的功能。仪表instrumentapparatus used in performing an action(typically found in instrumented systems)在执行某个动作中使用的仪器（典型的可见仪表系统）。逻辑功能logic functionfunction which performs the transformationsbetween input infor

26、mation (provided by one or more input functions) and outputinformation (used by one or more output functions) ; logic functions providethe transformation from one or more input functions to one or more outputfunctions在输入信息（由一个或几个输入功能提供）和输出信息（由一个或几个输出功能使用）之间执行变换的功能；逻辑功能提供从一个或几个输入功能到一个或几个输出功能的转换。逻辑解算器

27、logic solverthat portion of either a BPCS or SIS thatperforms one or more logic function(s)既可以是一个BPCS的一部分，也可以是SIS的一部分，它执行一个或几个逻辑功能。安全配置的逻辑解算器safety configured logic solvergeneral purpose industrial grade PE logicsolver which is specifically configured for use in safety applications inaccordance with

28、 11.5根据11.5为在安全应用中使用专门配置的工业级通用型PE逻辑解算器。维护/工程接口maintenance/engineering interfacemaintenance/engineering interface is thathardware and software provided to allow proper SIS maintenance or modification.It can include instructions and diagnostics which may be found in software,programming terminals with

29、 appropriate communication protocols, diagnostictools, indicators, bypass devices, test devices, and calibration devices为能正确维护或修改SIS所提供的硬件和软件。包括：在软件中可能含有的指令和诊断程序、具有适当通信协议的编程终端、诊断工具、指示器、旁路装置、试验装置和校正装置。减轻mitigationaction that reduces the consequence(s) of ahazardous event减小危险事件后果的动作。操作模式mode of operat

30、ionway in which a safety instrumented functionoperates仪表安全功能运行方式。要求模式下的仪表安全功能? demand mode safety instrumentedfunctionwhere a specified action (for example, closingof a valve) is taken in response to process conditions or other demands. In theevent of a dangerous failure of the safety instrumented f

31、unction a potentialhazard only occurs in the event of a failure in the process or the BPCS响应过程条件或其他要求而采取一个规定动作（如关闭一个阀门）的场合。在仪表安全功能的危险失效事件中，仅当发生过程或BPCS的失效事件时，才发生潜在危险。连续模式下的仪表安全功能? continuous mode safetyinstrumented functionwhere in the event of a dangerous failure ofthe safety instrumented function a potential hazard will occur without furtherf