高中非谓语详细全面最好.docx

1、高中非谓语详细全面最好 非谓语一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：另外，常见的还有：1、 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后的to已省略。 例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。 2、 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。 例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿

2、哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。 注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。 例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/ hadbes

3、t后的to省略。 例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。 4、 why/why not句型中not后to省略。 例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight? 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。 5、 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6、如果在feel，know，observe，see后面跟的不定式是be，则to不可省略。例：Weallfelttha

4、ttobethehighestpraiseWeknowhimtobebrave TheonlythingthatIhaveobservedtobewithoutlimitisthebusinessmansdesireforprofitsNowIsawhimtobethemanwhowalkedupthehilleverymorning应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。7、 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 例：He forgot to go to her home and

5、 give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。 8、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。 例： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。 9、but作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

6、10、不定式做表语时，一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。 例 weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It（This,That）beaanadj.n.todo在这种句型中,不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如:Thisisadifficultquestiontoanswer.这是个难答的问题。question与toanswer为动宾关系。toanswer可改为formetoanswer。再如:Itisaneasysentencetotranslate.

7、这个句子很容易翻译。1.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.a.sitb.sitonc.besatd.besaton2.Imhungry.Getmesomething_.a.eatb.toeatc.tobeeatd.foreating3.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_Chinese.a.writeb.towritec.tobewrittend.written4.Ihavenomoreletters_,thankyou.a.totypeb.typingc.tobetypedd.typed5.The

8、carisratherdifficult_.a.torepairb.toberepairedc.repairingd.beingrepaired6.Hewasnowhere_.a.toseeb.tobeseenc.seeingd.seen7.Shehadnomoney_abirthdaypresentfortheirchildren.a.tobuyb.tobeboughtc.boughtd.buying8.Wewaitedforthework_.a.doneb.beingdonec.todod.tobedone动名词复合结构的一般构成：1）名词的所有格形式动名词（或动名词短语）2）形容词性的物

9、主代词动名词（或动名词短语）如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词动名词（或动名词短语）或者宾格代词动名词（或动名词短语）动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?(比较：Wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?)Bobsbeingabsentmadehisteacherveryangry.Noonewilldreamoftherebeingsuchafamousplaceintheworld.HerhavinglostthekeysmadeMaryverydisappo

10、inted.动词ing的独立结构：不定式和动名词作主语的区别： (1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour i

11、s tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。（具体） (3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。 Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessa

12、ry to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1）Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do （2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) w

13、aste of time ones doing.不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A作前置定语 现在分词、过去分词、动名词 可以作前置定语，而不定式不能作前置定语。如： a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water，boiled water ; building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the coming new year 。 辨异的方法很简单：现在分词具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如，a developing cou

14、ntry=a country which is developing (发展中国家 )； boiling water=water which is boiling(正在滚开的水 ) ; a developed country=a country which has developed（发达国家 ）； boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的水)。现在分词和动名词同形，但作前置定语时，动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途，例如， .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a

15、pool for swimming ；而现在分词作前置定语时，表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如，the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the coming new year=the new year that is coming 。 B作后置定语 不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语，而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed discussed at th

16、e meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 辨析：上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语，是因为它们存在不同的情况：不定式作定语，表示动作正要进行（未发生）；现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行（正在发生）；过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成（已发生）。据此，我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子，这样学生就更容易理解： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=T

17、he problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being discuss

18、ed at the meeting is very important.现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语 现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语也是比较常用的句式，如： I heard him singing English songs. His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood. 学习小结：不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补，正确使用它们的方法是：首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的宾语之间的关系，如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者，则用不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成，侧重工作的全过程，而现在分词表示动作正在进行；

19、如果逻辑主语是它们动作的承受者，则应用过去分词作宾补。如： I often heard him sing English songs. I heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him.不定式、分词作状语时的比较 A.不定式可修饰动词和形容词，表示原因、目的和结果。 a)作修饰动词的原因状语。如： The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlais death. He laughed to think of hi

20、s stupid son. b)作修饰动词的目的状语。如： He went to buy an English dictionary in the bookstore. 不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前，则更为正式一些，语气也较重。如： To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. c)作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语，表示一种没有预料到的情况或结果，须放在被修饰动词的后面，如： He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital. 有时为了进一步加强预料不

21、到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only, 如： He went to see him only to find him out. d) 作修饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是，此时作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式，表示被动的含义。如： My chair is comfortable to sit on. English is very difficult to learn well. B分词可作多种状语，用法比较活跃。 a)作时间状语（相当时间状语从句），如： Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had

22、 finished his homework, ) (When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is heated, ) b)作原因状语（相当原因状语从句），如： Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=As I am a Party member, ) Greatly inspired by the teachers words, he made up his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired

23、by the teachers words, ) c)作方式、伴随或附加说明状语，如： Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely. He stood there waiting for a bus. Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and

24、 thinking. d)作条件状语（相当条件状语从句），如： Given some more time, she will do work even better. (= If she is given some more time, ) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day, ) e) 作结果状语，如： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加only,表示预料之中的情况，如： He went

25、to see him last night only finding him studying. He was always working hard! f) 作程度状语，如： The wind rose and it became freezing cold. g)作目的状语，如： Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates. h) 作让步状语（相当于让步状语从句），如： Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though th

26、ey were warned of the danger, ) 要点提示：分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果分词表示的是主动、进行的动作，则用现在分词作状语；如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态，则用过去分词作状语，如： Following the old man, he stepped into the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. 不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较 A不定式作独立

27、成分，表示不定式独立于句子的其他成分，是英语表达的一种方式，不常用，如： To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I dont like being left alone at home. B现在分词作独立成分，用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度，如： Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.注意：重点：Need, want, require

28、（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be c

29、ut). 你的头发该剪了。15bbbca68bad独立主格结构有如下几种：1.名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn”tknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Timepermitting(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。2.名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblems

30、weresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn”tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。3.名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了