语法填空考点分析和解题技巧.docx

1、语法填空考点分析和解题技巧 英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧一、语法填空题命题原则及考点分析（一）命题原则：1.试题材料形式：短文体和对话体2.材料长度：约200词，设10个空，句首不设空。3.短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。4.分值15分,每小题1.5分5.空格设置：纯空格和给提示词纯空格式主要考查：介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词，强调助动词等。给提示词的主要考查：谓语动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词；名词、形容词、副词以及形容词或副词的比较级或最高级，此类转换等。（二）考点分析：以各种词形变化为重点，如名词复

2、数、动词第三人称单数、动词的过去式、过去分词、动名词、分词等。1.词法1)名词：名词复数的构成、不可数名词、名词所有格2）代词：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词、it的用法3）数词：基数词和序数词之间的转化 4）介词：常用介词和介词短语5）形容词和副词：比较级和最高级的构成及基本用法、同级比较6）冠词：定冠词和不定冠词7）连词：并列连词和从属连词8）动词动词的时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、将来进行时动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、

3、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、带情态动词等的被动态）非谓语动词：动词ing形式、动词不定式、动词过去分词情态动词和助动词2、句法1）句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句2）简单句、并列句、复合句（状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句）二、语法填空题解题思路和做题技巧。通过对命题思路和考点的分析。考生对此题要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明确的认识。接下来要弄清楚的是“如何做题”和确保考试得分的问题了。下面就谈一谈这方面的事。（一）解题思路。做语法填空题时，可以用一种由大及小的思路去（其根据是此题的特点-语境与语法相结合）思考答案。也就是说，可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个

4、层面去思考。1.通读全文，了解大意，弄清文脉。考生不要读一句就填一个答案，首先要把括号有提示的空格视为已知条件，通读全文，了解文段内容及要点。2.结合语境，试填空格，先易后难。基本了解文章大意后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填，遇到一时想出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。具体体现为八条思路：思路1：根据语法知识填空。根据已学语法，分析空格及句意，填入正确答案。【例1】He must be _ (mental) disabled.【解析】disabled是形容词，修饰它的词应是副词，作状语，

5、故填mentally.思路2：根据逻辑关系填空。通读全文，把握作者的思路，联系上下文语义，分析归纳，填入符合词义、句意和上下文情景的正确答案。【例2】On Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) in the day.【解析】根据上下文内容可知，作者“先去音乐节，随后早些离开因为要去赴约”，late要用其比较级later，表示赴约在后。思路3：根据语篇的标志填空。语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）

6、。语篇间往往有标明内在关系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first，second，third，finally等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有 however，but,by the way等；“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。【例3】Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _（lose） , it it will never return. Therefore we should make _use of our time to study har

7、d so as to serve our country in the future.【解析】由表示转折的However 可知，第一个空格是表示时间的“失去”，应填gone/lost;由表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，第二个空格应用full或good 来修饰名词use.思路4：根据固定词组填空。熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如：as a matter of fact, make up ones mind, take part in, depend on/upon, keep in touch with, earn ones living,等，对解题有很大帮助。【例4】It is e

8、asy for him to make up _ mind and also easy to change it.【解析】表示“下决心”是固定词组make up ones mind, 因此答案是his.思路5：根据句型搭配，如so/suchthat;It is(for sb) to do sth; There is no doubt that; There is no sense in doing sth等来解题。【例5】_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.【解析】是It isthat主语从句的句型，作形式主语要用it,故

9、填 it.【例6】He feels it his duty _ (help) others.【解析】句中it 是形式宾语。要用to help (others)作真正宾语，故填to help.思路6：根据词汇知识填空。指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词； 只能接to do 作宾语的动词; 接to do 作宾语补足语的动词；接to do 作宾语补足语的动词；接 done 作宾语补足语的动词；对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语等。【例7】The temple in bad condition needs _ (repair).【解析】need

10、实义动词是“需要”的意思，其后如果表示主动，用to do,如果表示被动，就用v-ing 或 to be done,故答案为repairing 或to be repaired.思路7：根据生活常识填空。【8】Do not put off what can be done today _ tomorrow.【解析】结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不把今天能做的事情推迟到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的till/untill.思路8：根据文化背景填空。【例10】After the flood Mr Deng was as poor as a church _.【解析】这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一

11、贫如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse 是谚语“一贫如洗”的意思。因此此处填mouse.3.验证复查，清除难点。将所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍，对所填写的内容进行检查修正，以最后确定答案。（二）解题技巧。所谓解题技巧指的是：遵循一般规律，分析具体情况，结合语境做出正确判断。1.纯空格题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词；然后，根据句子意思确定填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系，确定用什么样的关联词。具体有以下七种技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（代词考的更多）。【例1】I can send a message to Tina when

12、ever I want to, and _ gets there in almost a second.【解析】and 连接前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一个分句，不难推知，空格处应填it, 代替前句的message.技巧2：名词前若没有限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词等），很可能要填限定词。【例2】the head of the village was tying his horse to my car to pull it to_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

13、【解析】因单数可数名词town 前还没有限定词，应填限定词，根据句意，不定冠词a,表示“一个”。技巧3：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能填连词。【例3】these paintings by two world-famous artists, Picasso(毕加索) _Da Vinci(达芬奇) , which are worth millions of dollars.【解析】空格之后两个名词之间没有连词，再根据句意，这里需要并列连词and.技巧4：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。【例4】 I wanted to see as much of the

14、 city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.【解析】空格前后是两个句子，它们之间要填连词，根据两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观”在“回广州”之前，故填before.技巧5:若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文的时态不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,did等）。【例5】What is acceptable(可接受的) in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another.【解析】符合技巧6的情况，再根据

15、句意及语气，填may(表示“可能”)。技巧6：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。这些特殊句式有：强调句式、倒装句、it用作形式主语或形式宾语、so/suchthat句型和morethan等。【例6】_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat peanut！【例7】Only in this way _ we solve the problem.【例8】_ is impossible for us to finish the task in such a short time.【例9】The ma

16、th problem is so difficult _ almost no one can work it out.【解析】例6是强调句式，应填it; 例7是倒装句，根据句意应填can; 例8考查形式主语，应填it; 例9是sothat句型，应填that.2.给出动词填空的解题技巧。首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考：技巧7：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【例10】He _ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and gi

17、ving it a voice.【解析】 此句没有谓语动词，pretend 应是谓语动词，它与主语He是主动关系；再根据从句中谓语动词was可知，要用一般过去时，故填pretended.【例11】Three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.【解析】因主语three people 与 take 是被动关系，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken.技巧8：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要

18、确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。【例12】_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed.【解析】此句已有谓语wont make,所以speak要用非谓语动词；谓语之前应为主语，故填Speaking.【例13】_ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.【解析】 因句中已有谓语 will have to work,所以complete 是

19、非谓语动词；根据句意，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，用动词不定式 to complete.【例14】I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit) at the front.【解析】此句的谓语动词是三个并列的动词got on,found和noticed,表示接连发生的动作，所以sit要用非谓语动词；通过分析可知sit应是宾语补足语，它与宾语a man是主动关系，用sitting.【例15】The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by th

20、e foreign guests.【解析】此句的谓语动词went,所给动词与谓语不是并列关系，应用非谓语动词形式； the headmaster 与follow是被动关系，故填followed,作伴随状语。词类转换题的解题技巧词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。 1. The youngster（年轻人） immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.2. Thanks for your _( value) suggestions.3. Teac

21、hers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。4. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.5. Instructors expect students to be familiar wi

22、th _ (inform) in the reading.技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。 6. As I looked_ (close) at this girl, I found that she is shake with cold7. There must be something _(serious) wrong with our society. 8. Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little tim

23、e.技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。9. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no knowledge is _ (use).10. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the offi

24、ce. 技巧6：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。例11 There was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract).例12The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out.词类转化题巩固练习:1. “Thirty-five cents,” she s

25、aid 36_(rude). 2.One of the _ (bad) gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English teacher 3._ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left ! 4.It was his _ (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was angry.5.As far as I am concerned

26、, my _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook. 6.It would be _(believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.7. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.8. But Jane knew from past experience that her_ (choose)

27、of ties hardly ever pleased her father.9.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course.10. How_ (polite) it is to point at others with your chopsticks at dinner table. 2015年全国新课标卷 The adobe dwellings (土坯房) _61_（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are ad

28、mired by even _62_most modern of architects（建筑师）and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable（值得赞扬的）is their _63_ (able) to “air condition” a house without _64_( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and g

29、ive out that heat 65_( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66_ (cool) the house during the hot day;_67 _ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _68_ (go) day after day: The walls war

30、m up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out(计算出) exactly _70 _thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2015年广东卷Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearl