避碰规则全文中英.docx

1、避碰规则全文中英Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1972PART A GENERALRule 1Application(a) These Rules shall to all vessels upon the high seasand in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoingvessels.(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with theoperation of special rules made by an

2、appropriate authorityfor roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterwaysconnected with the high seas and navigable by sea- goingvessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely aspossible to these Rules.(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with theoperation of any special rules mad

3、e by the Government ofany State with respect to additional station or signallights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war andvessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or shapes for fishing vessels engaged infishing as a fleet. These additional station or signallight

4、s, shapes or whistlesignals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shapeor signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by theOrganization for the purpose of these Rules.(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall

5、 have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot ply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position,range or arc ofvisibility of lights or shapes, as well as tothedisposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, such vessel

6、shall ply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition andcharacteristics of sound- signaling appliances, as herGovernment shall have determined to be the closest possiblepliance with these Rules in respec

7、t of that vessel.第一条 适用围1.本规如此适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶.2.本规如此不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港 口、江河、湖泊或陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能 符合本规如此。3.本规如此不妨碍各国政府为军舰与护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号, 应尽可能不致被误认为本规如此其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。4.为实施本规如此，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。5.凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船

8、舶，如不能完全遵守本规如此任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以与声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，如此应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以与声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规如此要求的规定。Rule 2Responsibility(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel,or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequencesof any neglect to ply with these Rules or of the

9、 neglectof any precaution which may be required by the ordinarypractice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.(b) In construing and plying with these Rules dueregard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collisionand to any special circumstances, including the limitationsof

10、the vessels involved, which may make a departure fromthese Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.第二条责任1.本规如此并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规如此的任何疏忽，或者海员通常做法要求的或当时特殊情况要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。2.在解释和遵守本规如此时，应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险以与包括当事船舶条件限制在的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能使船舶在必要时为防止紧迫危险而背离本规如此。Rule 3General DefinitionsFor the

11、 purpose of these Rules, except where the contextotherwise requires:(a) The word vesselincludes every description ofwater craft,including non- displacement craft and seaplanes,used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.(b) The term power- driven vessel means any vesselunder

12、sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, isnot being used.(d) The termvessel engaged in fishing means any vesselfishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatuswhich restrict maneuverability, but does not include avessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus wh

13、ich do not restrict maneuverability.(e) The word seaplane includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.(f) The term vessel not under mand means a vesselwhich through some exceptional circumstance is unable tomanoeuvre as required by these Rules and is thereforeunable to keep out of the w

14、ay of another vessel.(g) The term vessel restricted in her ability tomanoeuvre means a vessel which from the nature of her workis restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term vessels restricted in theirab

15、ility to manoeuvre shall include but not be limited to:(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;(iii) A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisi

16、ons or cargo while underway;(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their abilityto deviate from their course.(h) The term

17、vessel constrained by her draught meansa power-driven vessel which, because of her draught inrelation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.(i) The word underway means that a vessel is not atanchor, or m

18、ade fast to the shore, or aground.(j) The words length and breadth of a vessel meanher length overall and greatest breadth.(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.(L) The term restricted visibility means any conditionin which vi

19、sibility is restricted by fog, mist, fallingsnow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similarcauses.第三条 一般定义 除其他条文另有解释外，在本规如此中： “船舶一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。 “机动船一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。 “帆船一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。 “从事捕鱼的船舶一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔

20、具捕鱼的船舶。 “水上飞机一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。 “失去控制的船舶一词，指由于某种异常的情况，不能按本规如此各条的要求进展操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。 “操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规如此要求进展操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。 “操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词应包括，但不限于如下船舶： 从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶； 从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶； 在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶； 从事发放或回收航空器的船舶； 从事去除水雷作业的船舶； 从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船与其被拖船偏离所驶

21、航向的能力严重受到限制者。 “限于吃水的船舶一词，指由于吃水与可用水深的关系，致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。 “在航一词，指船舳不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。 船舶的“长度和“宽度是指其总长度和最大宽度。 只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。 “能见度不良一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULESSECTION 1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANYCONDITION OF VISIBILITYRule 4ApplicationRules

22、in this Section apply in any condition of visibility第二章 驾驶和航行规如此第一节船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规如此 第四第十条Rule 5Look-outEvery vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available meansappropriate in the prevailingcircumstances and conditionsso to make a full appraisal

23、 of the situation and of the risk of collision.第五条 了 望每一船应在任何时候用视觉、听觉以与适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。Rule 6Safe speed Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speedso that she can take proper and effective action to avoidcollision and be stopped within a distanceappropriate toth

24、e prevailing circumstances and conditions.In determining a safe speed the following factors shallbe among those taken into account:(a) By all vessels:(i) The state of visibility;(ii) The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;(iii)The manoeuvrability of the

25、vessel with specialreference to stopping distance and turning ability in theprevailing conditions;(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximityof navigational hazards;(vi) the

26、draught in relation to the available depth of water.(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar;(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state,weather

27、 and other sources of interference;(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;(v) The number, location and movement of vesselsdetected by radar;(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility thatmay be possible when rad

28、ar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.第六条 安全航速每一船在任何时候都应用安全航速行驶,以便能采取适当而有效的行动防止碰撞,并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以把船停住。在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括如下各点：1.对所有船舶： (1)能见度情况； (2)通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度； (3)船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能； (4)夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射； (5)风、浪和流的状况以与靠近航海危险物的情况：

29、 (6)吃水与可用水深的关系。2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还须考虑： (1)雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性； (2)所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制； (3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响； (4)在适当距离，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性； (5)雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态； (6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出的更确切的估计。Rule 7Risk of Collision(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circu

30、mstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt suchrisk shall be deemed to exist.(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtainearly warning of risk of collision and radar plotting orequivale

31、nt systematic observation of detected objects.(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scantyinformation, especially scanty radar information.(d) In determining ifrisk of collision exists thefollowing considerations shall be among those taken into account:(i) Such risk shall be deemed to ex

32、ist if the passbearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change:(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approachinga very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel atclose range.第七条 碰撞危险1.每一船应用适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如有 任何怀疑，如此应认为存在这种危险。2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，如此应正确予