避碰规则全文中英.docx
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避碰规则全文中英
RegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea.1972
PARTA──GENERAL
Rule1
Application
(a)TheseRulesshalltoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels.
(b)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbours,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebysea-goingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules.
(c)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorshapesforfishingvesselsengagedinfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylight,shapeorsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules.
(d)TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules.
(e)WhenevertheGovernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,suchvesselshallplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,asherGovernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblepliancewiththeseRulesinrespectofthatvessel.
第一条适用围
1.本规如此适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶.
2.本规如此不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊或陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。
这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规如此。
3.本规如此不妨碍各国政府为军舰与护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,应尽可能不致被误认为本规如此其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。
4.为实施本规如此,本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
5.凡经有关政府确定,某种特殊构造或用途的船舶,如不能完全遵守本规如此任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以与声号设备的配置和特性的规定时,如此应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以与声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规如此要求的规定。
Rule2
Responsibility
(a)NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,masterorcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttoplywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesofthecase.
(b)InconstruingandplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.
第二条责任
1.本规如此并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规如此的任何疏忽,或者海员通常做法要求的或当时特殊情况要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。
2.在解释和遵守本规如此时,应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险以与包括当事船舶条件限制在的任何特殊情况,这些危险和特殊情况可能使船舶在必要时为防止紧迫危险而背离本规如此。
Rule3
GeneralDefinitions
ForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:
(a)Theword"vessel"includeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater.
(b)Theterm"power-drivenvessel"meansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnotbeingused.
(d)Theterm"vesselengagedinfishing"meansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmaneuverability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmaneuverability.
(e)Theword"seaplane"includesanyaircraftdesignedtomanoeuvreonthewater.
(f)Theterm"vesselnotundermand"meansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.
(g)Theterm"vesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvre"meansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Theterm"vesselsrestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvre"shallincludebutnotbelimitedto:
(i)Avesselengagedinlaying,servicingorpickingupanavigationmark,submarinecableorpipeline;
(ii)Avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwateroperations;
(iii)Avesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferringpersons,provisionsorcargowhileunderway;
(iv)avesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofaircraft;
(v)avesselengagedinmineclearanceoperations;
(vi)avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasseverelyrestrictsthetowingvesselandhertowintheirabilitytodeviatefromtheircourse.
(h)Theterm"vesselconstrainedbyherdraught"meansapower-drivenvesselwhich,becauseofherdraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthandwidthofnavigablewater,isseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefromthecoursesheisfollowing.
(i)Theword"underway"meansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground.
(j)Thewords"length"and"breadth"ofavesselmeanherlengthoverallandgreatestbreadth.
(k)Vesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheother.
(L)Theterm"restrictedvisibility"meansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothersimilarcauses.
第三条一般定义
除其他条文另有解释外,在本规如此中:
1.“船舶〞一词,指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。
2.“机动船〞一词,指用机器推进的任何船舶。
3.“帆船〞一词,指任何驶帆的船舶,包括装有推进机器而不在使用者。
4.“从事捕鱼的船舶〞一词,指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
5.“水上飞机〞一词,包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
6.“失去控制的船舶〞一词,指由于某种异常的情况,不能按本规如此各条的要求进展操纵,因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
7.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶〞一词,指由于工作性质,使其按本规如此要求进展操纵的能力受到限制,因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶〞一词应包括,但不限于如下船舶:
〔1〕从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶;
〔2〕从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶;
〔3〕在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶;
〔4〕从事发放或回收航空器的船舶;
〔5〕从事去除水雷作业的船舶;
〔6〕从事拖带作业的船舶,而该项拖带作业使该拖船与其被拖船偏离所驶航向的能力严重受到限制者。
8.“限于吃水的船舶〞一词,指由于吃水与可用水深的关系,致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。
9.“在航〞一词,指船舳不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
10.船舶的“长度〞和“宽度〞是指其总长度和最大宽度。
11.只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时,才应认为两船是在互见中。
12.“能见度不良〞一词,指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。
PARTB-STEERINGANDSAILINGRULES
SECTION1-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINANY
CONDITIONOFVISIBILITY
Rule4
Application
RulesinthisSectionapplyinanyconditionofvisibility
第二章驾驶和航行规如此
第一节船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规如此
〔第四——第十条〕
Rule5
Look-out
Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionssotomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision.
第五条了望
每一船应在任何时候用视觉、听觉以与适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段保持正规的了望,以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。
Rule6
Safespeed
Everyvesselshallatalltimesproceedatasafespeedsothatshecantakeproperandeffectiveactiontoavoidcollisionandbestoppedwithinadistanceappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditions.
Indeterminingasafespeedthefollowingfactorsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:
(a)Byallvessels:
(i)Thestateofvisibility;
(ii)Thetrafficdensityincludingconcentrationsoffishingvesselsoranyothervessels;
(iii)Themanoeuvrabilityofthevesselwithspecialreferencetostoppingdistanceandturningabilityintheprevailingconditions;
(iv)atnightthepresenceofbackgroundlightsuchasfromshorelightsorfrombackscatterofherownlights;
(v)thestateofwind,seaandcurrent,andtheproximityofnavigationalhazards;
(vi)thedraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthofwater.
(b)Additionally,byvesselswithoperationalradar;
(i)thecharacteristics,efficiencyandlimitationsoftheradarequipment;
(ii)anyconstraintsimposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;
(iii)theeffectonradardetectionoftheseastate,weatherandothersourcesofinterference;
(iv)thepossibilitythatsmallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbedetectedbyradaratanadequaterange;
(v)Thenumber,locationandmovementofvesselsdetectedbyradar;
(vi)Themoreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjectsinthevicinity.
第六条安全航速
每一船在任何时候都应用安全航速行驶,以便能采取适当而有效的行动防止碰撞,并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以把船停住。
在决定安全航速时,考虑的因素中应包括如下各点:
1.对所有船舶:
(1)能见度情况;
(2)通航密度,包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度;
(3)船舶的操纵性能,特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能;
(4)夜间出现的背景亮光,诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射;
(5)风、浪和流的状况以与靠近航海危险物的情况:
(6)吃水与可用水深的关系。
2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶,还须考虑:
(1)雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性;
(2)所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制;
(3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响;
(4)在适当距离,雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性;
(5)雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态;
(6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时,可能对能见度作出的更确切的估计。
Rule7
RiskofCollision
(a)Everyvesselshalluseallavailablemeansappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionstodetermineifriskofcollisionexists.Ifthereisanydoubtsuchriskshallbedeemedtoexist.
(b)Properuseshallbemadeofradarequipmentiffittedandoperational,includinglong-rangescanningtoobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects.
(c)Assumptionsshallnotbemadeonthebasisofscantyinformation,especiallyscantyradarinformation.
(d)Indeterminingifriskofcollisionexiststhefollowingconsiderationsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:
(i)Suchriskshallbedeemedtoexistifthepassbearingofanapproachingvesseldoesnotappreciablychange:
(ii)Suchriskmaysometimesexistevenwhenanappreciablebearingchangeisevident,particularlywhenapproachingaverylargevesseloratoworwhenapproachingavesselatcloserange.
第七条碰撞危险
1.每一船应用适合当时环境和情况的一切可用手段断定是否存在碰撞危险,如有任何怀疑,如此应认为存在这种危险。
2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话,如此应正确予