高考英语二轮专题复习语法填空.docx

1、高考英语二轮专题复习语法填空模块4语 法 填 空(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining 61. hard that we couldn􀆳t help wondering how long it would take 62. (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained b

2、y their masters 64. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65. (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from w

3、ork, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68. (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69. (invite) to a

4、ttend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70. (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.语篇导读 作者在文中回忆了自己去夏威夷珍珠城的旅游经历。作者为期一周的旅行充实而难忘。答案与解析61.so此处是“so.that”固定结构,意为“如此以至于”。62.to get此处是句型“it takes + 时间 + to do sth”,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填to get。63.of此处是固定搭配

5、a pack of . ,意为“一群”。64.who / that此处是定语从句,先行词是masters,在从句中作主语,故用who或that。65.recommended此处与前面的shared是并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填recommended。petition根据空前的an和空后的to watch可知,此处应用名词competition。67.traditional此处应用形容词作stories的定语。68.hugely此处应用副词修饰形容词popular。69.were invitedinvite和主语we之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,且全文是在叙述过去的情况,因此应用一般过去时的被

6、动语态。70.listeningwe与listen之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。考法1有提示词1.提示词是动词首先,分析语境和句子结构,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后按照以下两点进行思考:(1)若所给动词在句子中作谓语,就要考虑动词的时态和语态。有时也要根据语境判断是否要通过加词缀变成否定含义。It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.答案与解析arrived句意:就在天亮之前我到达了阳朔,那时天正下着小雨。由It was raining可知,本句是叙述发生在过去的事情

7、,应用一般过去时。(2)若句中已有谓语动词,且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时,要填的词就是非谓语动词。此时应先分析所给动词在句中充当的成分,如作主语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语,再分析所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系(主谓、动宾关系),最后结合v-ing 形式、v-ed形式以及动词不定式各自的用法来确定用哪种形式。有时也要根据语境判断考查的是不是词性转换或固定搭配。A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

8、答案与解析conducted分析句子成分可知,本句谓语动词为names,所以空格处应为非谓语动词。因为study和conduct之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。2.提示词是形容词或副词如果括号内的提示词是形容词或副词,一种情况是考查词性的转换,如形容词与副词之间的转换,形容词或副词与名词、动词等之间的转换;另一种情况是考查比较级和最高级,一般句中有表示范围的介词in/of或空格前有the时,要用最高级,than的前面则用比较级。偶尔也会考查所给形容词或副词的否定式,在其前添加前缀。Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on h

9、ot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.答案与解析slowly修饰动词短语give out要用副词。3.提示词是名词如果给出的提示词是名词,一种情况是考查词形变化,词性不变,如变成名词复数形式、名词所有格等;另一种情况是考查名词与其他词性的转换,如转换成形容词。While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the(change) are gradual and require

10、a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.答案与解析changes分析句子结构可知,此处需填句子主语,由后面的谓语动词are可知,主语应该是一个复数形式的名词。4.提示词是代词在简单句或并列句中,如果空格处所填的词在句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分,而且与前面提到的人或物有指代关系,则要考虑填人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺少主语或宾语,一般填代词。A few hours before,I􀆳d been at home in Hong Kong,with (it)choking

11、 smog.答案与解析its句意:几小时之前,我待在香港的家,那儿有令人窒息的雾。smog是名词,需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰。考法2无提示词纯空格填空题主要考查冠词、介词、并列连词、引导词(引导状语从句、名词性从句及定语从句等的词)、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配等。近几年的全国新课标卷主要考查的是冠词、介词和连词,包括并列连词和从属连词。解答此类问题时,考生需认真分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分判断填哪类词,同时还要结合句意,分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,进行综合判断。1.填冠词如果空格后有名词(短语),而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指,或者空格后有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空

12、格处一般填冠词。Now,years later,this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.答案与解析the本句空格后面的most outstanding是形容词的最高级形式,且句中有表示范围的介词of,故空格处应填定冠词the。2.填介词判断空格处是否需要填介词,通常以介词与名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配为依据,如 access to、devote to、benefit from、stop/keep/prevent sb from、be aware of、be tired of/from等;或

13、者看空格后是否有作其宾语的名词,且二者一起构成介词短语,在句子中作定语、状语、补语等成分,如on sale、to one􀆳s surprise、in silence等。For those who fly to Guilin,it􀆳s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.答案与解析by乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式,by car “坐车”。3.填并列连词空格处是否需要填并列连词主要通过观察句子结构确定。在这种情况下,空格前后一般是两个并列成

14、分,而且并列的成分之间存在并列、转折、选择等关系。There were many people waiting at the bus stop,some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.答案与解析and根据语境可知,空格前后是顺承关系,故用并列连词and连接上下文。4.填引导词引导词有从属连词、疑问代词、关系代词、疑问副词、关系副词等,它们被用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪个引导词,首先要看它引导的是哪一种从句。(

15、1)如果引导状语从句,一般要根据主从句之间的关系及引导词的意义判断,如表示“如果”用if,表示“直到”用until/till,表示“因为”用because/as/since等。One day,the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.答案与解析when分析句子结构可知,这个句子用了固定句型be doing sth when.“正在做某事,这时”。(2)如果引导名词性从句,则要判断引导词在从句中是否作成分。如果作成分,则要判断具体是作主语、宾语还是状语等;如果不作成分,则要判断其是否有特殊意义。Also,you can view the

16、people you judge negatively as mirrors to show youyou are not accepting about yourself.答案与解析whatwhat引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,此处表示“你不接受自己的哪些方面”。(3)如果引导定语从句,首先要判断引导词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语,然后再通过先行词指人、指物,还是表示时间、地点、原因等再做出最后的决定。I􀆳d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain top

17、s and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案与解析that/which此处引导一个定语从句,先行词mountain tops和dark waters指物,且引导词在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which引导。5.填助动词或情态动词填助动词主要从语法角度考虑,如用来构成否定、疑问、强调、倒装、虚拟语气或反义疑问句等。填情态动词主要从语境考虑,如表示非常有把握的肯定推测用must,表示责任与义务用should或ought to。Fifteen minutes

18、later,I was hot, sweaty and dirty, but I feel good.答案与解析did此处强调谓语动词,再根据句中时态可知用过去时,故用助动词did。6.填固定搭配、固定句型中的缺失词固定搭配、固定句型及习惯用法属于比较简单的考点,主要靠考生在平时学习中的积累,如pay attention to、make up one􀆳s mind、make a choice/decision、make a contribution to、play a part/role in、lead/live a.life等。(2016全国卷)Most of us are

19、 more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.答案与解析on固定短语 be focused on “集中注意力于”。心得一含提示词语法填空1.给出动词原形,考查动词的时态或语态第一步:分析句子结构,如缺谓语动词,则考查动词的时态和语态。第二步:判断逻辑主语与谓语之间的关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。笫三步:注意主谓一致。2.考查非谓语动词第一步:若句中已有谓语,且设空处不是作并列谓语,应考虑该空考查非谓语动词。第二步:根据非谓语动词在句中所作的成分、句式的特殊要求或某些

20、词语的特殊要求,确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式,而作原因、伴随、时间等状语时,需用现在分词、过去分词形式;如作主语或宾语用动名词或不定式;如作动词enjoy、finish等的宾语时,需用动名词;如作动词decide、refuse等的宾语时,需用不定式。第三步:确定非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。第四步:根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是用完成式。3.给出形容词或副词一般要求写出形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式;有时考查形容词与副词之间的转换。第一步:分析句子结构,确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。第二步:根据句子结构、语境

21、或句意确定是填比较级还是最高级以及要不要加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。4.词性转化主要考查形容词与名词间的转化,形容词与动词间的转化,动词与名词间的转化,等。第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当的成分。例如,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,用副词;作主语或宾语,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词。5.名词单复数给出名词,一般情况下考查词性的转化,但有时候考查名词的单复数。心得二不含提示词语法填空1.并列连词或复合句(1)并列连词:and、but、or、so等;(2)复合句:定语从句考查关系代词(that、which、w

22、ho、whom、whose、of which、of whom)或关系副词(when、where、why);名词性从句考查连接代词(that)、疑问代词(which、who、whom、what)、疑问副词(when、why、where、if/whether、how);状语从句考查表示原因的从属连词(because、as、since)、表让步的从属连词(though、although、as)、表条件的从属连词(if、unless)、表时间的从属连词(when、while、as、before、after、until、since)、表结果的句型(so.that.或such.that.)等。第一步:分析

23、句子结构。若句中有两个句子(有两个主谓结构),且两句之间没有句号、分号,也没有连接词,设空处很有可能考查并列连词或复合句。第二步:根据两句之间的意义、逻辑关系或句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。第三步:若是主从复合句,要根据从句的特点并结合连接词的意义和作用来确定具体的连接词。注意:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,也可能是填并列连词。2.介词第一步:若设空处后接的是名词、代词、动名词或what从句,且它们不作主语或动词宾语时,很可能就是填介词。若设空处前面是动词且设空处后接的是名词、动名词,设空处也可能填介词构成动词短语。第二步:根据具体的语境或空格所在句子的意思来确定填哪个介词

24、。3.特殊句式强调句型、倒装句、there be句型、感叹句、“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构、“not only.but also.”结构、“neither.nor.”结构、“either.or.”结构等。4.冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词弄清句子结构。若设空处后为名词,设空处为名词的定语,又无提示词,则可确定设空处应填冠词(a、an、the)、形容词性物主代词(如my、your等)或限定词(如other、another、either、both等)。5.情态动词和助动词若句子结构较完整,设空处后面的谓语动词是原形、have done或be doing等,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一

25、致时,很可能是填情态动词或用来强调谓语动词的助动词do、does、did;若构成部分倒装,设空处后面需有主语,主语后需为动词原形或过去分词、现在分词,这时根据情况填do、does、did、have、has、is、am、are或某些情态动词。Passage 1(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 1. they ran

26、ge all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2. (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 3. tracki

27、ng polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4. (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6. (believe) that populations are increasi

28、ng. Scientists have responded by 7. (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8. (high) than they actually are. Of 9. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10. (be) stable, one is in

29、creasing, and nine lack enough data.语篇导读 本文主要介绍了北极熊的相关情况,包括北极熊的栖息地范围等内容,其中着重介绍了对北极熊数量的研究。答案与解析1.that此处缺少引导同位语从句的连接词that,说明evidence的具体内容,“证据表明”。2.poorly此处应用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词has been studied。3.of / formethod of / for是固定搭配,意为“的方法”。4.to perform该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构。5.have reported由in recent years可知,此处表示的是从过去某时一直

30、持续到现在,故用现在完成时。6.belief根据空格前的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知,此处应填名词belief。7.noting介词后应用动名词形式。8.higher根据than可知,此处应用high的比较级,故填higher。9.the此处特指19种被辨认出的北极熊亚种群,故用定冠词the。10.are根据空前的are及空后的is和lack可知,应用一般现在时,故填are。Passage 2(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1.(long) tha

31、n non-runners. You don􀆳t have to run fast or for long 2.(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3.(die) early by running.While running regularly can􀆳t make you live forever, the review says it 4.(be) more effective at lengthening life 5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease a