高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars知识串讲讲义.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars知识串讲讲义2020高考一轮复习教材串讲必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars讲义1. _adj.有害的2. _vi.存在；生存3. _n.谜；难题vt.&vi. （使）迷惑；（使）为难4. _n.&vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力5. _n.质量；团；块；大量；（复）群众1. _及时;终于【常用结构】_准时；按时_ 一次；每次_曾经；一度；同时_有时；偶尔_ 决不_马上；立刻2. _产生；分娩【常用结构】_ 出生时_天生地；生来；在血统上3

2、. _轮到某人；接着【常用结构】_依次；轮流；因此；因而_ 轮流；依次_轮流做某事_轮到某人做某事4. _ 阻止；制止【常用结构】（1）_保护不受侵袭（2）同义词: _5. _感到高兴；感到振奋【常用结构】_为某人加油6. _既然7. _突发；爆发【常用结构】_解散；打碎_ 脱离_ 打破;坍塌；（精神、身体）挎掉_进入；插话_ 强行进入（某处）；突然开始（大笑、欢呼等）8. _ 密切注视；当心;提防【常用结构】_照看；看守_注意，当心_注意，当心_注意，当心1. _.地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。2. _.更为重要的是当地球平静下来时，水开始在地球表面出现了。

3、3. _.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。4. _.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。5. _.水对于生命的发展会起到关键作用这一点并没有立即明朗化。6. _而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在 地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。考点1lay vt.(laid,laid,laying) 放下;摆设;铺(地毯);产(蛋)【例句研读】(1)He his hand on my shoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。(2)Who should we the blame on? 我们该责备谁?(3)He stress on th

4、e importance of being on time. 他强调准时的重要性。【拓展归纳】【词语辨析】lie vi.说谎liedliedlyinglie vi.位于,躺laylainlying【即时巩固】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或选择。(1)The bird its eggs in other birds nests.(2)He would some money aside for rainy days.(3)The naughty boy (lie) to me that the hen that (lie) there just now had (lay) two eggs

5、the day before.考点2harmful adj. 有害的,伤害的【例句研读】(1)Fruit juice can childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)What he did his reputation.他所做的损害了他的名声。(3)He may look fierce,but he .他可能看上去很凶,但并无恶意。【拓展归纳】【即时巩固】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。(1)Everyone knows that smoking is to your health.每个人都知道吸烟有害健康。(2)Reading in the sun does you

6、r eyes a lot of .在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。(3)Reading in the sun is very to your eyes.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。考点3exist vi.存在,生存【例句研读】(1)Does life on Mars?火星上有生命吗?(2)I can hardly the wage Im getting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。(3)I doubt the of alien.我怀疑外星人的存在。【拓展归纳】考点4puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑;(使)苦思n.谜;难题【例句研读】(1)Her reply me.她的回答把我弄糊涂

7、了。(2)Their reason for doing it is still to me.他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。(3)To explain the findings,he offers two theories.他提出了两个理论来解释这个令人困惑的发现。【拓展归纳】【即时巩固】语法填空(1)I am (puzzle) that I havent heard from Liz for so long.(2)She listened with a (puzzle) expression on her face.(3)No one has yet succeeded in explain

8、ing the (puzzle) problem.考点5pull v.拉,拖,拔;移动n.拉,拖;拉(引)力【例句研读】(1)You and Ill .你来推,我来拉。(2)I felt at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子,便转过身来。(3)So long as we ,theres no mountain top we cant conquer.只要我们齐心协力,没有征服不了的高山。【拓展归纳】考点6in ones turn 轮到某人;接着【例句研读】(1)The girls called out their names .那些女孩儿逐一报出了自

9、己的名字。(2)We make every effort to make more films,and this creates further environmental pollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影,反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。(3)We to keep watch.我们轮流守望【拓展归纳】考点7prevent.from 阻止;制止【例句研读】(1)We must do what we can to prevent pollution longer.我们必须尽力去防止污染为了生活得更长久。(2)The security forces had to intervene

10、 to prevent the situation .安全部队不得不介入,以防止局势进一步恶化。(3)Further treatment will prevent the disease developing.进一步的治疗将阻止疾病恶化。【拓展归纳】考点8cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋【例句研读】(1)!The news isnt too bad. 振作一点吧!也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race,the crowd . 每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军,观众就欢呼。(3)The crowd their favourite h

11、orse . 观众都替他们看好的马加油。【拓展归纳】考点9break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发;爆发(无被动语态)【例句研读】(1)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。(2)A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。【拓展归纳】主语从句观察下列例句,指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词。(1)What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.长途旅游所需要的是仔

12、细准备。该句中主语从句是What is needed for a long trip,引导词为What。(2)That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.周杰伦来我的城市使每个人都开心。该句中主语从句是 That Jay Zhou will come to my city,引导词为That。(3)Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.我们是否出国旅游还没有决定。该句中主语从句是Whether we will travel abroad or not,引导词

13、为Whether。(4)Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.无论谁知道这个秘密一定不能告诉其他人。该句中主语从句是Whoever knows the secret,引导词为Whoever。(5)It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly a long time ago.恐龙很久以前为什么突然消失仍然还是个谜。该句中主语从句是why dinosaurs died out suddenly a long time ago,引导词为why。【观察总结】通过分析上面例句,同学们可能会发现上面

14、第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实,这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式,即:当一个句子主语过长时,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾,以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的画线部分。It is not clear how the accident happened.这个事故怎么发生还不清楚。It is not hard to understand why he did so at that time.不是很难明白他为什么当时那样做。It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.你已犯上了一个如

15、此粗心的错误很可惜。It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.据报道在这个事故中引起了30多人的死亡。不难看出,虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语,但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下:(1)It be+n.+that从句(2)It be+adj.+that从句,常见此类形容词有important,necessary,clear,certain,natural,strange,obvious,likely,impossible,possible等。(3)It+不及物动词

16、+that从句It seems/appears.that. 似乎It happened (to sb.) that. (某人)碰巧(4)It+be+过去分词+主语从句It is said/reported/believed/suggested/known/proved that.【要点精讲】what与that引导主语从句观察下列例句,试着翻译例句并总结其规律。(1)What you lack is self-confidence.你所缺乏的是自信。(2)That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.越来越多

17、的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。(3)What is needed for the program is more wisdom.这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。从上面例句可以看出,that引导主语从句时,在句中具有“两不”原则:(1)不作句子成分;(2)没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时,that不能省略;如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,that可以省略。而what引导的从句则恰恰相反,what在从句中的作用为:(1)作句子成分;(2)除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。【练习】语法专练1. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay

18、 their own way.2. was most important to her,she told me,was her family.3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.4.The technology makes possible to produce a large number of cars in a short time.5. the old mans sons wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.6.It hasnt been decided w

19、hen and the talk on middle school education will be given.7. theory must be closely connected with practice is a basic rule we should always keep in mind.8.It is true that he said surprised us all.9. we will have a good harvest this year is still unknown.10. picks up the wallet and hands it in will

20、be praised by the teacher.Nowadays,the problem of traffic jams in cities is as serious as that of air pollution.Some suggested solutions to these problems include a reduction in the use of private cars and an increase in the practice of car-pooling,where one car is shared by several workmates or fri

21、ends.In addition,the government could improve the public transport system in order to make it more convenient for people.The government should also encourage cycling by building more green lanes.This will help save money,time,and energy as well as improve the environment.参考答案1. harmful2. exist3. puz

22、zle4. pull5. mass1. in time【常用结构】on timeat a timeat one timeat timesat no timein no time2. give birth to【常用结构】at birthby birth3. in ones turn【常用结构】in turnby turnstake turns to do sth./in doing sth.It is sb s turn to do sth.4. prevent. （from）【常用结构】（1） protect. from/against.（2）同义词: .5. cheer up【常用结构】c

23、heer sb on6. now that7. break out【常用结构】break upbreak away from.break downbreak inbreak into8. watch out【常用结构】watch overlook outtake carebe careful1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.2. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,

24、water began to appear on its surface.3. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.4. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.5. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fund

25、amental to the development of life.6. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.考点1 laid, lay, laid ,lays , lay, lied, la, laid考点2 be harmful to , harmed , means no harm, harmful, harm , harmful考点3 exist, exist on, existence考点4 puzzled, a puzzle, puzzling, puzzled, puzzled, puzzling考点5 push, pull, a pull, pull together考点6 in turn, in turn, took turns考点7 to live, worsening , from考点8 Cheer up, cheered, cheered, on 1. Whoever 2. What 3. Whether 4. it 5. What 6. where 7. That 8. what 9. Whether 10. Whoever