译林版高中英语选修7优化教案 Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar amp Writing.docx

1、译林版高中英语选修7优化教案 Unit 3 Section Grammar amp WritingSection_Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现I am speaking in favour of the Internet.There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student will find abundant information.These

2、 problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials.To help solve this problem, a special clinic was opened in Beijing in 2005.One university did a study about the students who had dropped out.我的发现(1)按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。(2)以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。(3)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动

3、词一起构成被动语态。(4)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成某种时态。(5)句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词“occur”一起构成否定形式。一、助动词的概念协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。二、助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be, do, have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词短语(半助动词)be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, b

4、e meant to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词will, shall, should， would无词义，主要用来构成将来时即时演练1用适当的助动词填空In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.I havent seen him for a long time.Only when we began our college

5、life did we realize the importance of English.He will come to the office this afternoon.These books are not supposed to be taken out of the readingroom.三、基本助动词的用法1助动词be的用法用法例句be 现在分词，构成进行时态English is becoming more and more important.They were having a meeting.be 过去分词，构成被动语态English is taught througho

6、ut the world.The window was broken by Tom.be 动词不定式表示最近、未来的计划或安排He is to go to New York next week.表示命令You are to explain this.即时演练2(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空(重庆高考改编)James has just arrived, but I didnt know he was_coming (come) until yesterday.(北京高考改编)Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy right now.I am_filling (fi

7、ll) in an application form for a new job.(大纲卷改编)Unless some extra money is_found (find), the theatre will close.(2)完成句子她现在正在写一本书。She is_writing_a_book now.当我到达那里时，他们正在看电视。They were_watching_TV when I got there.很多人在地震中丧生。Many people were_killed in the earthquake.今天下午2点你到我们老师的办公室来。You are_to_get to ou

8、r teachers office at 2 oclock this afternoon.2助动词have的用法用法例句have/had 过去分词，构成完成时态By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.have been 现在分词，构成完成进行时I have been studying English for ten years. have been 过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态English has been taught in China for many years.即时演练3(1)用所给动词的适当形

9、式填空(天津高考改编)We wont start the work until all the preparations have_been_made (make)(湖南高考改编)Since the time humankind started gardening, we have_been_trying (try) to make our environment more beautiful.(江苏高考改编)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media have

10、/has_covered (cover) it in a variety of forms.(2)完成句子那不可能是约翰，他进城了。It cant be John. He has_gone_to_town.我一上午都在修理冰箱。I have_been_fixing_the_fridge all this morning.英语在我国已被广泛使用。English has_been_used_widely in our country.3助动词do的用法用法例句构成一般疑问句Do you want to pass the CET？donot构成否定句I do not want to be criti

11、cized.构成否定祈使句Dont be so absentminded.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Do shut up！用于倒装句Little did I know about the city when I was young.代替实义动词以避免重复She works harder than he does.名师点津(1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用：只用于一般时；只用于肯定句。(3)用于倒装句，应具备副词 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so等位于句首的条件。即时演练4(1)写

12、出助动词在下列各句中的用法They dont do their homework at home.构成一般现在时的否定式Does she get up early in the morning?构成一般现在时的疑问式When did he graduate from the Cambridge?构成一般过去时的疑问式Do come to my birthday party please.放在动词原形前加强语气I dont know where he lives; nor do I care.用于倒装句(2)单句语法填空(江苏高考改编)“Never for a second，” the boy

13、says, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”(重庆高考改编)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, didnt you?四、半助动词的用法半助动词指在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间，本身带有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有appear to, happen to, turn out to, would rather, be about to, be due

14、 to, be going to, be likely to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have (got) to, had better, seem to, be able to, get to, be certain to等。它们既能与主要动词构成复杂的动词词组，也可与基本助动词和情态助动词搭配充当“主要动词”。Tom would rather read than talk.Jim parted from his friends, saying, “I have got to subscribe to this arran

15、gement.”These bacteria are likely to make certain body parts swell up.It is likely that these bacteria will make certain body parts swell up.即时演练5写出下列各句中加黑部分的汉语意思You are not supposed to park your car here.应该We have to be careful when driving.必须My father used to walk to work.过去常常He is likely to win t

16、he game.很有可能五、其他助动词(will/shall, would/should)的用法用法例句will/shall动词原形，构成一般将来时。I shall study harder at English.He will go to Shanghai.would/should动词原形，构成过去将来时。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.即时演练6(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空(北京高考改编)What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute, I will

17、_check (check) it for you.(山东高考改编)They made up their mind that they would_buy (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.(2)完成句子他说他第二天来。He said he would_come the next day.明天她要领着孩子们逛动物园。Tomorrow she will_take/show_her_children around the zoo.我听说你要升职了。I heard that you would_get_a_promotion.用所给词的适当形式填空1

18、He will_start/is_starting (start) the work in a few minutes.2If it doesnt_rain (not rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.3He did (do) come to visit us yesterday as he had promised.4If you promise to return it on time, you shall_get (get) one.5Look! The race is about to_start (start)6Ma

19、ny tall buildings will_be_built (build) in my town next year.7Would you like to answer my question?8I have_been_washing (wash) clothes all this morning.9When he was at college, he would_go (go) to the concert once a week.10Youre supposed to_make (make) an appointment with the educator.完成句子1当处于困境时，他没

20、有向别人求助。He didnt_turn_to_others when in trouble.2当你去国外的时候一定要与我们保持通信。Do_correspond_with_us when you go abroad.3由于贫穷，他很可能会退学。He will_be_likely_to_drop_out because of poverty.4我想知道他究竟应该做什么。I wonder what on earth he_is_supposed_to_do.5我们过去时常见面，但是自从他出国以后我就没有收到过他的来信。We used_to_see_each_other_regularly,_but

21、 I havent heard from him since he went abroad.6自那以来我们一直教英语。We have_been_teaching_English since then.7这本书是由一位著名的作家写的。The book was_written by a famous writer.8会议明天一早举行。The meeting is_to_take_place early tomorrow.9音乐会已经推迟到下周五。The concert has_been_put_off until next Friday.10昨天，我到家时，弟弟正在玩电脑游戏。My brother

22、 was_playing_computer_games when I got home yesterday.短文改错Our class recently went on the school trip to an adventure centre. It is locating not too far away from the school. It only took us two hours get there by bus. There were twenty of ourselves and we spend five days there on a sailing course. T

23、he activities were good organised but safety standards were high. We enjoyed the courses although the weather was bad. Each student was given a lot of personal attention, who helped them to develop their confidence. I believe this course was good for all the students, and I think the school should o

24、rganise a more similar trip next year.答案：第一句：thea第二句：locatinglocated第三句：get前加to第四句：ourselvesus; spendspent第五句：goodwell; butand第六句：coursescourse第七句：whowhich第八句：去掉more 一、基本结构图表类作文属于半开放式作文的写作范畴，题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。图表类作文一般至少包含描述图表所示内容和解释原因两个部分。其写作规律性较强，故有一定的模式可循。图表类作文主要有两类：表格式和图形式。写作思路如下：1首段。不管是

25、表格式(table)还是图形式(chart)，文章的第一段都需要对所示信息进行描述。描述时，认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设题者想通过图表来反映的信息、问题或现象。长度要适中。2主体段落主体段落是呈现图表信息的段落，也是最终实现图文转换的段落。写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：(1)圈定所要转述的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下进行，还要对信息进行明确的分类。(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要详细说明，一般了解性信息一笔带过即可。(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。3末段末段通常用于深化主

26、题，对全文进行总结，发表个人看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性，不可妄加评断。二、增分佳句1As is shown in the graph, people buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up. 如图所示，随着鞋价升高，人们就购买较少的鞋子。2From the chart we can see that only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.从图表中我们看出仅有10%的时间被用在体育活动上。3The latest surveys indicate tha

27、t quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最新调查表明：相当多的孩子不乐意做作业。4When it comes to profession, more boys will choose lawyers.当谈及职业时，更多的男孩将选择做律师。5Reading the unhealthy information on the Internet will do great harm to them.看网络上的有害信息将对他们造成极大的伤害。6I hope every student can make use o

28、f the Internet properly for their studies and health.我希望为了学习和健康，每个学生都能适当地利用网络。7In conclusion, we should spare no effort to beautify our environment.总之，我们应不遗余力来美化环境。8Based on the description above, we can draw the conclusion that to protect the environment around us is to save ourselves.基于以上所述，我们能得出结

29、论：保护我们周围的环境就是拯救我们自己。题目要求近年来，越来越多的中国学生选择出国留学，这些留学生在国外的表现如何？哪些方面对他们来说是最难适应的？某大学做了一项调查，结果如图所示。请你根据下图，向某报社投稿，描述这一现象并发表自己的看法。注意：词数100左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：社会文化适应 social acculturation人际沟通 interpersonal communicationAn increasing number of students are choosing to go abroad to study every year. But, so th

30、rilling an experience as it is, adjusting to the culture of a foreign country can also be a challenge, which may influence their academic performance._ _第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1确定体裁：本文为图表类作文。2确定人称：本文主要人称为第三人称。3确定时态：本文主要使用一般现在时。二、构思第一段：调查内容；第二段：图表信息；第三段：针对图表反映的问题，提出建议。第二步：核心词汇想周全1have_little_trouble_(in)_doing_sth. 做某事没困难2