初中宾语从句讲解及习题.docx

1、初中宾语从句讲解及习题宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副

2、词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe？He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the bus stop is？I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在从句

3、中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.只能用whether不能用if的情况：1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.3）和不定式连用作宾语时

4、不用if引导.例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.二、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo三、 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。2. 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1） S

5、he says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要

6、用一般现在时态。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.四、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect,

7、fancy, guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he We suppose you have finished the project, havent you如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),

8、 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you They dont believe shes an engineer, do they She doesnt expect that we are com

9、ing so soon, does she五、宾语从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 2. 当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, te

10、ll等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station Could you tell me how to get to the stat

11、ion 3. 当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 4. 某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy d

12、oesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 5. 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语” 结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 6. 动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： I

13、t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They

14、found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. 宾语从句练习一用合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today (who, whom)3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinks _ he can do be

15、tter.(how, who)5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)6. They dont know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day. (when, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (what, who)9. I dont know _ so many people crowdin

16、g round him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ shirt it is (whose, whos)二. 选择题1. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where2. Could you tell me _ A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in3. Do you still remember _ A. that he s

17、aid B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say4. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left5. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6. They tried to find out _ the new train _. A. how far

18、/had gone B. how long/has gone C. how far/went D. how far had/run7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. Can you tell me _ A. where are you doing B. where do you study C. where you were doing D. where you study9. Its

19、up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the t

20、rain leave12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking13. _ hell come or not isnt important. A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What14. Would you like to know _they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why15. I want to know_. A. what is

21、his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how, other D. what, another17. Could you tell me _ Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ ha

22、s gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone18. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains19. I dont know if he _tomorrow. If he _tomorrow

23、, Ill meet him. A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come20. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives21. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B.

24、 take C. takes D. will take22. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for？ A. that B. whose C. who D. which23. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning？ A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend24. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can

25、D. she may25. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has travelled C. travells D. had traveled26. What did Mike say He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring27. Tom asked my friend _. A. that the earth is bigg

26、er than the moon B. where was he from C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry28. Let me tell you _ A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car29. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy

27、had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris30. I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone31. I havent seen _ before. A. so an interesting film B. such an interesting film C. so interesting film D. such interesting a fi

28、lm32. I _ that we will visit the farm next week. A. didnt suppose B. dont suppose C. never supposed D. supposed33. I dont think he is right, _？ A. isnt he B. is he C. do I D. dont I34. He believes she is right, _？ A. doesnt he B. does he C. is she D. isnt she35. I thought that he disliked playing fo

29、otball, _？ A. didnt he B. did he C. did I D. didnt I三. 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句.(1)These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.(2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.(3)There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.(4)Can they speak French I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.(5)Are the children playing games Tell