初中宾语从句讲解及习题.docx
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初中宾语从句讲解及习题
宾语从句
一、宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或
形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfoe？
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis？
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。
例如：
Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.
只能用whether不能用if的情况：
1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
2）宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例：
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：
Ihear（that）physicsisn’teasy.
Ithink（that）youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo
三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：
1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2）ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
四、宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.
主句的谓语动词think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe
IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he
Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：
unhappy，unfair，dislike等）,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe
Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou
Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey
Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe
五、宾语从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.
Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.
2.当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如：
Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.
注：
当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如：
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation
3.当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。
例如：
Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.
4.某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。
例如：
Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.
Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.
5.某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语”结构。
例如：
LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.
6.动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。
例如：
Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。
例如：
IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.
Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.
Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.
宾语从句练习
一．用合适的连接词填空
1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）
2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday（who,whom）
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）
4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）
6.Theydon'tknow_______wearegoinghiking.（when,what）
7.Shewantedtoknow_______hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.（when,if）
8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（what,who）
9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim.（how,why）
10.Doyouknow______shirtitis（whose,who's）
二.选择题
1.Idon'tknow_____hewillbebackhome.
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where
2.Couldyoutellme___________
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
3.Doyoustillremember_______
A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay
4.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft
5.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen
6.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.
A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgone C.howfar/wentD.howfarhad/run
7.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter
8.Canyoutellme___________
A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudy
C.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudy
9.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen
C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
11.Idon’tknowwhen__________.
A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleave
C.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave
12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking
13.____he'llcomeornotisn'timportant.
A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.What
14.Wouldyouliketoknow_____theywilldoitornot.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why
15.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
16.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell___itwouldbelikein____fiveyears.
A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another
17.—Couldyoutellme______—Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone
18.—Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.
—Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains
19.Idon'tknowifhe______tomorrow.Ifhe________tomorrow,I'llmeethim.
A.willcome/comesB.comes/comesC.willcome/willcomeD.comes/willcome
20.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives
21.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
22.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor？
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
23.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning？
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
24.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
25.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.traveledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtraveled
26.WhatdidMikesayHesaid________.
A.ifyouwerefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
27.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonB.wherewashefrom
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
28.Letmetellyou____
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
29.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
30.Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.
A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone
31.Ihaven'tseen___________before.
A.soaninterestingfilm B.suchaninterestingfilm
C.sointerestingfilmD.suchinterestingafilm
32.I_________thatwewillvisitthefarmnextweek.
A.didn'tsupposeB.don'tsupposeC.neversupposedD.supposed
33.Idon’tthinkheisright,__________？
A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI
34.Hebelievessheisright,__________？
A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe
35.Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________？
A.didn’theB.didheC.didID.didn’tI
三.将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句.
（1）TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
（2）Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme________light_________fasterthansound.
（3）Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn'tknow.
Jackdidn'tknow________there______________ameetinginfivedays.
（4）CantheyspeakFrenchIwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________________French.
（5）ArethechildrenplayinggamesTell
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