1、完整版胡壮麟语言学教程测试题及答案docx胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)测试题第一章:语言学导论I. Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _.A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. typewriterC. crashD. bang3.The function of
2、the sentence “ Waterboils at 100 degrees Centigrade. ”is_.A. interrogative B. directiveC. informative D. performative4.In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say “碎碎(岁岁)平安 ” as means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affec
3、t their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal B. EmotiveC. Performative D. Recreational5.Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk ab
4、out anything in any situation?A. Transferability B. DualityC. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isn t it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive B. PhaticC. Performative D. Interpersonal7
5、. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance B. CompetenceC. Langue D. Parole348.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now.It couldn t be sorrowful for so
6、me lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _.A. cultural transmission B. productivityC. displacement D. duality9._ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics
7、10._ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the
8、 communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12.Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13.Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15.We were all born wit
9、h the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16.Only human beings are able to communicate.17. . De Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18. A study of the feat
10、ures of the English used in Shakespeare s time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20.All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III.Fill in the blanks. (10%)21.Language, broadly s
11、peaking, is a means of _ communication.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23.Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function i
12、s _.24.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory.3425.Linguistics is the _ study of language.26.Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people
13、to observe.27.One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.28.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29.Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.
14、30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure s langue and Chomsky s _IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Design feature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchronic linguisticsV.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.Why do people take duality as one of the important design feat
15、ures of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?(南开大学, 2004 )36. Why is it difficult to define language? (北京第二外国语大学,2004)VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? (青岛海洋大学,1999)34第二章:语音I. Choose the be
16、st answer. (20%)1. Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice2. Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme3.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p p
17、honeme.A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _.A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula5.The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs.A. wideB. closingC. n
18、arrowD. centering6.A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones7.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the above8.Which one is different f
19、rom the others according to places of articulation?A. nB. mC. b D. p9.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i:B. u C. eD. i 10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII. Deci
20、de whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12.The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acqu
21、ire the quality of aspeech sound.3413.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely,the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.14.p is a voiced bilabial stop.15.Acoustic phonetic
22、s is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.16.All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17.When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18.According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divide
23、d into tense vs. lax orlong vs. short.19.Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.20.The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.Consonant so
24、unds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.22.Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing_.23.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _ and the lips.24.One element
25、 in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _ to which that part of the tongue is raised.25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without_.26.In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are dis
26、tinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _.27.In English there are a number of _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28._ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence
27、 of their neighbors.29._ is the smallest linguistic unit.30.Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Sound assimilation32.Suprasegmental featu
28、re33.Complementary distribution34.Distinctive features34V. Answer the following questions. (20%)35.What is acoustic phonetics?(中国人民大学, 2003)36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?(南开 04)VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.Write the sy
29、mbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop ddog. (青岛海洋大学, 1999 )(1)voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop(2)low front vowel(3)lateral liquid(4)velar nasal(5)voiced interdental fricative34第三章:词汇I
30、. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _.A. lexical words B. grammatical wordsC. function words D. form words2.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational3.There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six4.
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