完整版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案docx.docx

完整版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案docx.docx

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完整版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

第一章：

语言学导论

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.

A.contact

B.communication

C.relation

D.community

2.

Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.tree

B.typewriter

C.crash

D.bang

3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is

__________.

A.interrogativeB.directive

C.informativeD.performative

4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asmeansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.InterpersonalB.Emotive

C.PerformativeD.Recreational

5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.TransferabilityB.Duality

C.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

—Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.Phatic

C.PerformativeD.Interpersonal

7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuserknowledge’

oftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.PerformanceB.Competence

C.LangueD.Parole

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8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.

Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmissionB.productivity

C.displacementD.duality

9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17..DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

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25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s________

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Designfeature

32.Displacement

33.Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，

2004）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，

1999）

34

第二章：

语音

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice

2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme

3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones

4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.

A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula

5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

A.wide

B.closing

C.narrow

D.centering

6.

Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

A.minimalpairs

B.allomorphs

C.phones

D.allophones

7.

Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.Acousticphonetics

B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics

D.Noneoftheabove

8.

Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]

B.[m]

C.[b]

D.[p]

9.

Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]

B.[u]

C.[e]

D.[i]

10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.Voiceless

B.Voiced

C.Glottalstop

D.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

34

13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.

14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing

__________.

23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.

25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout

__________.

26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

27.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.

29.__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Soundassimilation

32.Suprasegmentalfeature

33.Complementarydistribution

34.Distinctivefeatures

34

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whatisacousticphonetics?

（中国人民大学，2003）

36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?

（南开04）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:

voicedalveolarstop[d]

dog.（青岛海洋大学，1999）

（1）voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop

（2）lowfrontvowel

（3）lateralliquid

（4）velarnasal

（5）voicedinterdentalfricative

34

第三章：

词汇

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.functionwordsD.formwords

2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________

morpheme.

A.inflectional

B.free

C.bound

D.derivational

3.

Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.three

B.four

C.five

D.six

4.