第1 册修辞总结.docx

1、第1 册修辞总结Rhetorical devices Metaphor Simile Hyperbole Parallelism Personification Antithesis Euphemism Alliteration Metonymfather: (Metaphor) here the author or the man who created these two unforgettable characters idyllic: adj. of a simple and happy period of life, often in the countryside; simple

2、and happy/pleasant 田园诗的,简朴且无忧无虑的 idyll aidl: (n.) short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp. of country life 田园诗cruise: sailing/voyage /journey/travel by ship on the sea for pleasure 航行，漫游A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit l

3、ots of places.Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood: Explanation: Huck Finns simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal. Huck Finn, fleeing his terrifying father who was a drunkard, and Jim, an escaped slave, as they travel down the Mississippi in search of freed

4、om, encountered no end of colorful characters along the way. Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure: “Endless” is also a hyperbole; It parallels the word “eternal”. Summer, because all the adventures of Tom Sawyer described in the book are supposed to have taken place in one particular

5、summer. An imaginative and mischievous boy named Tom Sawyer lives with his Aunt Polly in the Mississippi River town of St. Petersburg, Missouri.Explanation: Mark Twain is famous to most Americans as the creator of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer. Hucks sailing/voyage /journey/travel on the river was so ple

6、asant, lighthearted, carefree, simple and and dangerous activities made the summer seem everlasting. (Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel Huckleberry Finn, which are generally acknowledged to be his greatest works.)What is the implicatio

7、n of the two adjectives eternal and endless ? -The two characters are immortalized and live forever in readers memory. Indeed, this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. every bit: altogether; entirely every bit as: (in

8、fml.) just as, quite as adventurous: Mark Twain was adventurous in every sense of the word. He was always trying new things, and always going to new places. Even in his literary career, he was never satisfied with what he had achieved.patriotic: It refers to Mark Twains profound love for his country

9、 with its robust people, beautiful scenery and its lofty ideals. It may also refer to his pride in the American traditions and the American language.romantic: (in art, literature and music) marked by feeling rather than by intellect; preferring grandeur, passion and informal beauty humorous: His wor

10、ks are so full of humor that he is considered Americas greatest humorist.I found another Twain as well: - I found another aspect of Twain. cynical: sarcastic, sneering: seeing little or no good in anything (a cynical remark/attitude) A cynical person believes that all men are selfish. He sees little

11、 or no good in anything and shows this by making unkind and unfair remarks about people and things. cynic: (n.) person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage deal (dealt): give; give out; distribute分派，施以，给予 (sentence structure o

12、f this part: Saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, he grew cynical, bitter.) profound personal tragedies: See Paragraph 20, Personal tragedy haunted his entire life,. a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night: (m

13、etaphor) obsess: preoccupy with sth. on ones mind; fill the mind continuously; worry continuously and unnecessarily使分心;困绕 If sth. obsesses you or if you are obsessed with it, you keep thinking about it over a long period of time, and find it difficult to think about anything else, esp. to an abnorma

14、l degree. be obsessed with/by: be distressed by 萦绕，困扰，着迷 e.g.: He was obsessed with a craving for materialistic gratification. （他一心追求物质享受。） frailty: a weakness of character or behavior obsessed with the frailties of the human race: continually distressed by the moral weaknesses of the human race a b

15、lack wall of night: (metaphor) hopelessness and despair Tramp printer, river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: tramp: a person who has no home or permanent job and very little money. He has to tramp from place to place getting food and money by takin

16、g occasional job or begging. When used as a verb, “tramp” also means to walk heavily. e.g.: Theres a tramp at the door begging for food. pilot: a steersman, a person who has special knowledge of a particular stretch of water, esp. the entrance of a harbor, and who is trained and specially employed t

17、o go on board and guide ships that use it. He is licensed to direct or steer ships into or out of a harbor or through difficult waters. guerrilla (guerilla): a member of an unofficial fighting group which attacks the enemy in small groups unexpectedly (cf. gorilla 大猩猩） Confederate guerrilla: a guerr

18、illa fighter who supported the southern Confederacy (the war fought between the northern statesFederal States or the Union and the southern statesthe Confederacy or confederate States of America)Confederate States of America (1861-65), also Confederacy. When president Lincoln was elected (Nov. 1860)

19、, seven states South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, and Texas, seceded /sisi:d/. The government was established by the southern states of the US after their secession/official separation from the union in opposition to the proposed abolition (v. abolish) of slavery. The

20、n the war broke out. The southern states were defeated and the slavery was abolished. prospector: one who explores and searches for valuable ores such as gold, silver, oil, etc. starry: full of stars in the sky, indicating sparkling, glowing, and flashing starry sky (繁星点点的天空); a cold starry night (星

21、光闪闪的寒夜); starry eyes明眸 starry-eyed: romantic, dreamy; with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder, romance, visionary dreams; full of unreasonable, impractical or silly hopes不切实际的；空想的 If you are starry-eyed, you are so full of dreams or hopes or idealistic thoughts that you do not see how things rea

22、lly are. a starry-eyed optimist 不切实际的乐天派 acid-tongued: sharp, bitter, sarcastic in speech cynic: (n.) person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged ac

23、ross the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. range: (a fairly literary use) travel without any definite plan or destinatio ranged across the nation: wandered or traveled across the nation digest: a.

24、When you digest food, the food passes through your stomach and is broken down so that your body can use it. b. If you digest information, you think about it, understand it, and remember it; go through and understand (Metaphor)the new American experience: The Mexican-American War was the first major

25、conflict driven by the idea of Manifest Destiny(命定扩张说：19世纪美国鼓吹对外侵略扩张为天命所定。); the belief that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the countrys borders from sea to shining sea. This belief would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for many Mexicans, Native Americans and United

26、States citizens. Following the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas eventually became a U.S. state. Disputes over the border lines sparked military confrontation, helped by the fact that Pres

27、ident Polk eagerly sought a war in order to seize large tracts of land from Mexico. Following the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas eventually became a U.S. state. Disputes over the border

28、 lines sparked military confrontation, helped by the fact that President Polk eagerly sought a war in order to seize large tracts of land from Mexico. the westward expansion: sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer: - Twain told people in the world about the experience of the newly-founded

29、nation in both his writings and his speeches. (When denoting professional status, sometimes, no article is used, especially when two or more professions are mentioned together, e.g. soldier and statesman, poet and diarist.) He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling

30、two fathoms (12 feet) of watera navigable depth. adopt: to take and use as ones own e.g.: Congress has adopted the new measures. adopt a name/a custom/an idea/a style of dress Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan. signal: make signals which indicates/symbolizes fathom: a

31、unit of measurement (6 feet or 1.8 meters) for the depth of water navigable: deep and wide enough to allow ships to travel His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. attest: (vt. & vi) show to be true,

32、 give proof of, declare solemnly; prove/testify/verify证明；明 e.g.: His work attests his industry (diligence). in print: (of a book）available from the publisher The geographic core, in Twains early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nations heart. artery and heart: metaphors. Both artery and heart are use