1、新人教版英语八年级上各单元知识点大归纳八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?【语法解析】不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意:1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用第三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting二、知识点:1
2、. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. 主语 + seem + (to be) + adj 看起来。5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doin
3、g sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续 /坚持做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析:1. take a photo/ take photos
4、拍照 quite a few+名词复数 “许多”2. seem 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today. to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像,似乎. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点, = get to= reach+地点名 “到达.”arrive at +小地点 (注:若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如: arr
5、ive here; get home)4. feel like sth/ doing sth. 感觉像是5. wonder “想知道”,+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。6. because of +名/代/V-ingBecause+从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。He cant take a walk because of the rain.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名词 “足够”形容词/副词+enough 8、How do you like = What do you thin
6、k of 你认为。怎么样9、Have a fun time = have a good time=enjoy oneself= have great funUnit2 How often do you exercise?【语法解析】1.频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中2.“次数”的表达方法一次once,两次twice,三次或三次以上用基数词+ times, threetimes, fivetimes,3、how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率
7、词组或短语。常见的how疑问词:1)How soon多久(以后)How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。2)how long “多久”,eg.How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3)How many+名复/How much+不可名“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)二、知识点:1. go to the
8、movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去滑滑板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯 8. take more exercise 做更多的运动 (作业,可数;锻炼,不可数) 9. the same as 与什么相同 10. be different from 与。不同 11. once a month一月一次 12. twice a
9、 week一周两次 13.go shopping=do some shopping 购物 14. be good for 对什么有益 15. be bad for对什么有害 16. come home from school放学回家 17 .of course = certainly = sure当然 18. get good grades取得好成绩 19. take a vacation 去度假 20. the answer to the question问题的答案 21. Not at all 一点也不 22. be surprised at 对。惊讶 【词语辨析】一、maybe / ma
10、y be 1. The baby is crying she is hungry. 2. The woman a teacher .maybe 是副词,意为“大概, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“可能是.,也许是.,大概是.”.二、1)a few / few / a little / little 1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? a few
11、 (少数的,几个,一些)a little (一点儿,少量)表示肯定few (很少的,几乎没有的) little (很少的,几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词2)、hard / hardly 1. The ground is too to dig2. I can understand them.3. Its raining ,the people can go outside.hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。 4. As for homework , most students do homework eve
12、ry day . as for.意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。如: As for the story,youd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds ve
13、ry sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。6、.Here be: is+ 名单: Here is a photo of my family.“这是” are +名复:Here are some books.7、.find(found)+that从句:发现 Eg:I found that most students go to school by bike.8、.percent 名词,意为“百分之” 百分数用基数+ percent (不用复数形式),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定e.g. 50 fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of th
14、e apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。9、.not at all 意为“一点也不”. not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。 e.g. The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。10. It is + adj. +to do sth. 做某事是怎样的。例如: It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。11.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 12. take, spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do
15、 sth. 意为“花费某人时间来做某事”。人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了钱”。 (in) doing “花费多少时间来做某事”。pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay for13.however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末14、帮助某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth. help sb with sth.15、kind of 种类/稍微、有点 all kinds of 各种各类的16、 be full of .充满了.17、情态动词must 引导的一般疑问句,回答:Yes, 主语+ must./ No
16、 ,主语+neednt18、hope that +从句 to do sth. 希望做。19、 be good to 对。好 be good with 善于应付的、善于相处的 be good for 对 。有好处20、另外一个 the other 两者中另外一个 another 三者或三者以上的其中一个 另外一些 other + 名词复数 others = other + 名词复数Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.【语法解析】形容词比较级1.形容词的原形就是原级,2.比较级,表示较或更3.最高级, 表示最.。2.比较句型: A + be动词+形容词的比较
17、级+than +B “A比B更”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)副词比较级常用的句型结构:1.“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B”2.比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较时用句型; “Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?” Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?v 特殊用法1.“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用 “more and more+原级”2. “the+比较级(), the+比较级()”意思是:”越越”The more, the better.
18、3.主 is the 形比+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较.”4. 两者在某一方面相同: A+谓语动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as” Eg. I am not as tall as my sister.v 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能
19、用very, so, too, quite等修饰。二、知识点1.have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心 have fun doing sth :做某事很开心 2. the same as 表示:_, do the same things as me. 3. A good fried is good at sports.(翻译)be good at意为_,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。同义词组:do well in He _ _ _ English.(他擅长英语) Im _ _ _ basketball.(我擅长打篮球)4. care about,意为:关心; care fo
20、r 意为:关爱; take care (当/小心) take care of (照顾)=look after5.makes me laugh. (翻译)_; make sb. do sth.意为:_. His father always _ _ _ up before five oclock.(让他起床) 让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式) make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态: e.g. My friends always make me happy6.be like“就像”:I am like your sister. Look like “外貌上的像 ” I l
21、ook like my sister.7. Thats why+句子:那就是的原因/那就是为什么Eg: 那就是我学习英语的原因:_8. Its+形+ for sb. to do sth. 形容词指事物用for “做某事(对某人来说)是. ” of sb. to do sth. 形容词指人用of It is kind of you to help me . 你帮助我真是太好了。It is difficult for you to solve the problem.解决这个问题对你来说很难。9. make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 10. as long as 只要;既然,引
22、导条件状语从句:You can take my car as long as you drive carefully. 你可以用我的汽车,只要你小心点儿开。11. be different from 与不同; 反:be the same as 与 相同12.though adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱) conj. 虽然;尽管;=although与but 不能同时用在一个句子中 eg :He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。 Though/Although he has been dead for man
23、y years, many people still remember him. 尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他13.get better grades 取得更好的成绩14.does(助动词do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。I work harder than Tom_(is/do/does/did).15. both and 和。都。Both you and I are students. “两者都.”,连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。16. 反意疑问句基本用法与结构:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成, 陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态
24、和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式: He likes English, doesnt he? 他喜欢英语,是吗? He doesnt like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗? 【注】 1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ,little,nobody,seldom等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯定式: He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗? She said nothing,
25、did she? 她什么也没说,是不是? 2、若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式: It is unfair, isnt it? 这不公平,不是吗? It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的,是吗? 17. A + be +as +形容词原形+as + B . Tom is as friendly as Tina.汤姆和蒂娜一样友好。 A +实意动词+as +副词原形+as + B. Tom runs as quickly as Tina.汤姆跑得和蒂娜一样快。 A + be +形容词比较级 +than + B . Tom is smater than
26、Tina.汤姆比蒂娜更聪明。 A + 实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B. Tom works harder than Tina.汤姆学习比蒂娜努力。18. as.as的用法1)as.as意为和一样,表示同级的比较.使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词.其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as.This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣.2) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as.例如:This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think
27、.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用.3)若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前.例如:Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍.19. be talented in 在某方面有天赋20. 形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则: 1) 一般直接在词尾加er/est: 如talltallertallest. great strong quick long fresh few tall 2) 以e结尾的单词去e加er/est: 如widewiderwidest. nice bra
28、ve fine strange late wide 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变为i,再加er/est: 如busybusierbusiest. lazy ugly happy lucky healthy busy 4) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/est: 如bigbiggerbiggest. fat red thin hot wet 5) 部分双音节词,多音节词在词前面加more或 most(比较级more + adj; 最高级most + adj): 如seriousmore seriousmost serious. intere
29、sting delicious carefully popular careful useful dangerous beautiful important terrible active serious 6) 不规则变化: good / wellbetterbest. bad / illworseworst. many / muchmoremost. little / fewlessleast. farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest.21 . be similar to 与。相似Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?
30、【语法解析】1)形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。2)标志词:表比较范围时用in/of3) 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.副词最高级前可省略the。表示“三者(或以上)中最的”的句型1. A + be + the 形容词最较级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)2. A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语 常用句式:1) Who/ Which+ 最高级, A, B or C ?2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最之一”。 Tom is one of the tallest boys in the class.汤姆是班上最高的男孩之一。3) The + 序数词 +形容词最高级+名词单数。 “第几。的”序数词后跟形容词最高级Tom is the second tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班上第二高的男孩。4)当形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,省略定冠词 the。Linda is my best friend.二、知识点
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