Dthufq新东方梅晗版雅思阅读讲义.docx

1、Dthufq新东方梅晗版雅思阅读讲义生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。 -无名List of headings前戏:给段落标号划掉用过headings划掉相应段落解题步骤: 1.通读 2.读headings3.读文章 4.比较解题1.通读(确定topic) Title Picture Skimming首二句2.读Headings 小前戏:直接排除不符合文章主题的headings1.Some2.过于具体(数字)3.突显价格昂贵目的: 每个heading至少找出一个KWKey Wor

2、ds四原则一.KW首先应该是和主题相关的名词二&三. Twins原则&三胞胎原则(2选一&3选2) “and”选项四.文章套路感揭示文章结构的名词首段对应词1.view/conception/definition/introduction/essence/explanation/notion/core/main idea+文章的TOPIC2. what is/ what makes/ what leads to+文章topic 3. defy, justify+文章topic 4. basic, intrinsic, fundamental +factors, elements + of +文

3、章topic末段对应词effect(affect)/influence/impact/prediction/future/prospect/outlook/perspective/conclusion/result/challenge/consequence/aftermath/+文章的TOPIC主体特殊词1.金钱：income/expenditure/expense/financial/business/salary/wage/cost/commercial/revenue/dealing/purchase2.数字：figure/number/amount/statistic(al)/dat

4、a/demographics/calculation/census3.百分比：rate/ratio/proportion/percentage/density4.时间：time/period/century/ages/decades/ generation/duration/tradition/heritage/process/procedure 3.读文章各段主题句,找出关键词 段落首二句 段落末句 顺承关系:in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides, not onlybut also 转折关系 but, however, yet, nevert

5、heless 总结关系 thusa.直接解释法 定义句型：A is defined as / A is known as A is called as / A is referred to as.Namely / That is / This is /b.例子解释法 例子及其LEADING SENTENCE for instance / for example/ such as / like / to illustrate /specifically求助于段落中的”高频词”4.比较解题万能标记法万能标记法旨在帮助阅读能力短期难有大幅提高的同学在短时间内,通过快速扫描将文章中90%的考点机械性的

6、准确标记出来.然后根据课堂介绍的原则,将题目迅速回文定位解决题目.注:个人原创,欢迎转载,但请注明出处-北京新东方学校英联邦项目 梅 晗一.在词下方做标记1.表示次序关系递进关系: also, apart from, besides, moreover, furthermore, too.时间先后: later, before, after, since, when, until, first, second, next, at last, eventually, finally, ultimately, previous.排列次序: another, the other,additional

7、, even more在词下面划横线2.表示比较关系对比转折: but, however, though, although, despite, in spite of, while, rather than,yet, nevertheless, on the other hand.相似关系: like, similar to, as,in the same way, or.在词下画三角3.表示因果关系as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, ther

8、efore, thereby, thus, hence, so, cause.在词下画圈4.表示举例说明关系that is to say, in other words, specifically, e.g. such as, for example, for instance.将(词)括起来5.表示特殊含义最高级 est, most, best, extreme.比较级 er, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, as. as.唯一性 only, unique, single, merely, barely, exclusively.绝

9、对化 all, every, none, impossible, immediately,never, seldom, always, totally.在词下划波浪线6.表示目的关系in order to, so as to.在词下划双横线二.写在文旁的人名 大写地名 专有名词 大写名词 首字母提炼(人名注意名和姓是否同时出现,并写在同一行)三.在文上做标记观点,概念及表明观点的词:idea, thought, concept, view, opinion, belief, perspective, explanation, prediction, result, consequence, o

10、utcome, summary, aftermath.notice, indicate, show, say, believe, tell,suggest, allege, conclude, appear to, think, point out, argue, remark, note, report, reason, discover, propose, imply, study, refute, claim 直接将单词用直线划掉时间 打上方框(文字表述的写出数据) 数字,特殊符号 圈出来四.在词上方做标记表示态度的形容词/副词/动词标正负号:advantageous, importan

11、t,good, positive, effectively, praise, useful, famous:strange, difficult, disappointing, harmful, shameful, pessimisticsurprisingly, ironicallyignore, blame, doubt, reject, question, balk 对于目标分数较低考生,推荐在解决一篇阅读文章之前,先花6分钟左右的时间用万能标记法将文章考点标记出来,然后再按照课堂介绍步骤读题解题.对于目标分数较高考生,推荐在按照课堂介绍方法匀速扫读文章的同时快速做好标记,时间控制在8分

12、钟左右,然后再按照课堂介绍步骤读题解题.Practice makes perfect,方法再好,自己如果不练习,考场上也是用不出来的,大家一起加油! 北京新东方学校 国外考试部英联邦项目 梅 晗文章结构阅读法 (Optional)1.介绍性说明文 Title: 名词短语 以How/What开头的疑问句 结构组成:-介绍现象/事实;-细节描述: a.Timeline b.Different Aspects c.Logic Development-展望未来/总结环境自然类-介绍现象-导致原因-带来的影响-解决办法/展望未来2.辩论性论文(较难)(1)实验类(2)逻辑论证类(难) (1)实验类-In

13、troduce Experiment-Pre-experiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods)-Experiment Process-Result (Collecting Data)-Analyses and SynthesesMatching 一. 归类配对题 两步定位(粗定位, 细定位)1. 从属关系配对标志：a.题目说明有Classify, Match b.题干或选项具有明显的同一属性 用明显同一属性的信息确定原文范围 用另一组信息定位查找2. 人名与观点/作为配对标志：题干或选项是人名 用人名确定范围 用观点or作为里的KW配合定位3. 选填图题 二. 段落信

14、息配对题(难)1. 分析各题干，划KW2.以段为单位skimming 核心词汇&细节信息3.先做该段细节题，再做信息配对4.不能确定时，move on利用题干预测题干中有以下信息，则一般为文章前两段概念解释（notion/explanation),身份介绍(identity)，概述(overview)，首次（first）题干中有以下信息，则一般为文章末段影响(effect),结果(conclusion),改进(improvement),建议(suggestion)，未来目标(aim/future)首个信息一般对应靠后段落True/False/Not Given注意和要求1. 画出要求2. 每次

15、同时查找两道题FalseF1 反义词 否定词：not / no longer / not any more / by no means 隐含否定：independent/ used to do sth. / until recently/ as was once the caseF2 绝对等于不对* impossible(ly) / immediate(ly)/ always / often / usually / never/ all / every / any / none* must及absolutely/ definitely/ invariably/ inevitably/ unar

16、guably/ irrefutably/ assuredly/ indisputably/ undeniably/ certainly/ without question/ out of questionF3 单一等于不对 only one/only/sole/solely/single/unique/ exclusivelyF4 already+完成时等于不对F5数字做考点(mainly, largely)F6 best F7去掉条件状语Not GivenNG1 形散神必散型NG2 子虚乌有型NG3 隐含型NG4 不存在的比较关系NG5 权威效应,大众效应NG6 偷换概念NG7 原文部分提及

17、,却有两种可能“全True法” By 乐静True 同义词 (相同-同义-同向) 与”绝对”FALSE相对型possible(ly)/ probable(ly)/ presumably/ perhaps/ be likely to/ maybe/ may(might)/ can(could)/ would/ somewhat/ seem to/ appear to/ chances/ odds/ almost/ sometimes/ some/ certain/ a degree of/ occasionally/ not always/ not all/ not necessarily/ 由

18、例子推出合理结论型推理题”四原则”1“同义转化”2只能使用最普通的逻辑3只能在原文证据范围内进行4只能进行一步 由隐喻到直白型Multiple Choice形式:a.四选一b.七选三 or 五选二c.十一选五特点:1.没有最好只有更好特点二:注意TWINS以及超生选项特点三:善待”change”选项特点四:怀疑与原文看似一致的选项 正确选项=原文相关语句的改写特点五: 简单题找对应 难题”排除法”特点六:主旨标题题读文章首末句特点七:题目依顺序原则特点八:单选题对应规则为文后第一题,对应前半部分为最后一题,则对应后半部分特点九:题目中的NOT/EXCEPT特点十:bothand, all of

19、 the aboveall of the abovebothand单一选项解题步骤:1.划掉用过的选项(多选)2.题干SW,定位回段落3.选项SW,回文中定位4.比较选项,对照原文,解题主观题What is 主观题?1.Summary (大S)2.Sentence Completion (小S)3.Short Answer Question (小小S)4.Flow Chart5.Table Completion6.Picture Naming (Matching中介绍过)Steps One:读题1.题目要求 段落,NB2.通读Summary 万能标记3.预测答案 名词:可数?单复数?正负向?大小写? 动词:时态(原形/分词);语态(主动/被动)Step Two:定位解题1.S首句定位段落2.SW精确定位Step Three: Check