英语期末考试.docx

1、英语期末考试维多利亚女王 Queen Victoria 伊丽莎白女王 Queen Elizabeth迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland 天佑女王 God Save the Queen君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy 星条旗Stars and Stripes英美的上下议院、众参议院 house of lords house of commons House of Representatives Senate 嘉德勋章 The Most Noble Order of the Garter印度之星勋章 The Most Exalted Order of the Star of

2、 India执政党 party in power 反对党 Opposition Party影子内阁 Shadow Cabine 国务卿 Secretary of State唐宁街 Downing Street 唐人街 Chinatown圣帕特里克 St. Patricks Day 圣乔治 St Georges Day沙夫茨伯里大街 shaftesbury avenue 圣安德鲁 St Andrews自由女神 Statue of Liberty 英国首相 Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil S

3、ervice西敏寺 Westminster Abbey 圣米迦勒 Michaelis天主教 Catholic Church 东正教 Orthodox Church清教 Puritan 新教 Protestantism杜莎夫人蜡像馆 Madame Tussauds 圣公会 Anglican Church华尔街 Wall Street 百老汇 Broadway帝国大街 Britannia Street 2 伦敦电影节:London Film FestivalABC：American Broadcasting Company （美国广播公司）VOA：Voice of America（美国之音）CNN

4、：Cable News Network（美国有线电视新闻网）英国首相：David William Donald Cameron（戴维卡梅伦） 副首相：Nick Clegg（尼克克莱格）美国总统：贝拉克奥巴马（Barack Obama）美国副总统：约瑟夫拜登（Joseph Robinette）澳大利亚 英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）总理：Kevin Rudd 陆克文加拿大：英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）加拿大总理：史蒂芬哈珀（Stephen Harper）英国外交大臣：威廉黑格（Willi

5、am Hague） 美国外交部长及国务卿：希拉里克林顿HillaryClinton澳大利亚外交部长:Julie Bishop (朱莉毕晓普) 加拿大现任外交官：RobertDouglasNicholson 罗伯特道格拉斯尼克尔森英美单词拼写差异：1,英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除.英语拼法 美语拼法公斤 kilogrammekilogram 方案 programmeprogram目录 cataloguecatalog 对话 dialoguedialog序言 prologueprolog 独白 monologuemonolog类似的 analogueanalog2,英语中

6、的以-our结尾的单词,在美语中删去了不发音的字母u.英语拼法 美语拼法举止、行为 behaviourbehavior 颜色 colourcolor特别喜爱的 favouritefavorite 风味 flavourflavor荣誉 honouronor 劳动 labourlabor幽默 humourhumor3,英语中以-re结尾,读音为/e/的单词,在美语中改为-er结尾,读音不变.英语拼法 美语拼法中心 centrecenter 纤维 fibrefiber公尺 metremeter 剧场 theatretheater升 litreliter4,英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词,在美语中

7、改为-ense结尾,读音仍为/ns/.英语拼法 美语拼法防御 defencedefense 犯法行为 offenceoffense执照 licencelicense 托词 pretencepretense5英语中一些以ise为结尾的单词，在美语中改为ize结尾，读音仍这/z/.英语拼法 美语拼法组织 organiseorganize, actualiseactualize实现 realiserealize 创作 improviseimprovize专攻 Specialisespecialize 现代化 modernisemodern ize受欢迎Popularisepopularize6一些以

8、l结尾的单词变形时，美式不双写l;英式双写l旅游 travellingtraveling 吵架 quarrellingquarreling英国大学五种种类：Ancient universityRed brick universityNew universityModern universityOpen university英国中学的四种种类：私立学校（independent school）普通中学（comprehensive school）文法学校（grammar school）学院制中学（academy）三位一体教义：the union of three persons (Father, S

9、on, and Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, or the threefold personality of the one Divine Being.星座：白羊座-Aries 金牛座- Taurus 双子座- Gemini 巨蟹座 -Cancer狮子座- Leo 处女座 -Virgo 天秤座 -Libra 天蝎座-Scorpio射手座- Sagittarius 山羊座- Capricorn 水瓶座- Aquarius双鱼座-Pisces生肖：1. Rat 鼠 2. Ox 牛 3. Tiger 虎 4.Rabbit 兔 5.Dragon 龙 6.Snake 蛇7.Ho

10、rse 马 8.Goat 羊 9.Monkey 猴 10.Rooster 鸡 11.Dog 狗 12.Boar 猪希腊罗马诸神：宙斯(Zeus) 天神 赫拉(Hera) 天后 雅典娜(Athena) 智慧女神，女战神 阿波罗(Apollo) 太阳神 潘(Pan) 山林之神 维纳斯(Venus） 萨坦 Saturn 丘比特(Cupid)美国两大新闻社：美国联合通讯社 The Associated Press (AP) 路透社 Reuters两大财团：凯雷集团(CarlyleGroup)与保德信(PrudentialFinancial)两大航空公司：美国航空(American Airlines)与

11、达美航空(Delta Airlines)第三题1. 贵族头衔公：duke 候：Marpuis 伯：earl 子：viscount 男：baron2. 祝酒词Bottoms up 干杯！ Prosit! 祝妳健康！祝妳成功！Bon appetite 喫好！ Slainte 干杯！Down the hatch! 干杯！3. 英语期刊种类Sorts of periodicalsCatchall periodicalsCommercial periodicalsTechnical periodicalsSpecial periodicals Entertaining periodicals4. 莎士比

12、亚Hamlet 哈姆雷特Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶As You Like It 皆大欢喜Much Ado about Nothing无事生非The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记4. 狄更新 荒凉山庄 Bleak House 艰难时世 Hard Times 小杜丽 Little Dorrit 美国纪行American Notes 圣诞颂歌A Christmas Carol5. 海明威老人与海The Old Man and the Sea岛在湾流中Islands in the Stream 伊甸园The Garden of Eden曙光示真True At Fir

13、st Light在我们的时代里In Our Time英国酒吧的种类Public bar or pub 大众酒吧Saloon bar雅座酒吧 private bar 私人酒吧lounge bar 高級酒吧 Beer garden 啤酒花園6. 剧院的种类（3种）1 State-owned theatres :Royal Opera House National Theatre2. Commercial theatres :Apollo Theatre Piccadilly Theatre Lily Theatre3 Experimental theatres第四题：2、英美电影分级：美国G级：G

14、ENERALAUDIENCESAllagesadmitted PG级(PARENTAL GUIDANCE SUGGESTED Some material may not be suitable for children.)R级 RESTRICTED Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian英国 U级 GENERALAUDIENCESAllagesadmitted PG级 ParentalGuidanceUC级 Especially suitable for children to watch12级 Suitable for

15、more than 12 years old or adult15级 Suitable for more than 15 years old or adult18级 Suitable for more than 18 years old or adult4.3 七宗罪：傲慢 （Pride），嫉妒（Envy），暴怒（Wrath），懒惰（Sloth），贪婪（Greed），饕餮（Gluttony），以及贪欲（Lust）Prideis the feeling that they have that they are better or more important than other people.

16、Envyis the feeling you have when you wish you could have the same thing or quality that someone else has.Wrath is strong fierce anger especially based on the desire to punish sb for harm done to oneself.Slothis laziness, especially with regard to work.Greedis the desire to have more of something, su

17、ch as food or money, than is necessary or fair.Gluttonyis the act or habit of eating too much and being greedy.Lustis a feeling of strong sexual desire for someone.4.4英国主要政党I Republican PartyAlexander Hamilton Secretary of the TreasuryFederalistsFederal PartyThe WhigsGrand Old PartyII Democratic Par

18、ty Thomas JeffersonSecretary of StateAnti-Federalist Democratic Republican Party4.5-英国的桂冠诗人解释：The word of Crown comes from ancient Greece and Rome, which refers to eminent poet. In the western literary world Laureate is an honour title with a long history . It is an encouraging system issued by the

19、goverment in England . It has an extensive and profound influence on literature and politics. So, reforming the system becomes a must.Therefore, crown is the sign of success , outstanding and honor, About the origin of laurel can be traced back to the Roman era.5.1中西礼仪的理解The etiquette becomes more a

20、nd more important in modern daily life. Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. Etiquette also can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. People take it as a standard to bala

21、nce a persons self-cultivation. There are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West. The jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding are not unusual .this shows that the understanding of different etiquette between Chinese and the wes

22、terners is absolutely necessary. Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the western culture, Chinese ritual and the western ritual are fusions. the westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings . Chinese people have gradually acce

23、pted the advanced civilization of the western culture and etiquette style.5.2中西方餐饮文化的理解The differences between the Chinese and Western dietary culture are derived from the difference in their ways of thinking and philosophy of life . Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural tr

24、aditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, pattern, and nature. We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested.First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. Nobody will deny that the Wester

25、n diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the na

26、tional character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated

27、 with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization. Chinese and Western food cultures collision and exchange have largely promoted the progress and development of human society to some degree , m

28、aking the dietary culture become an important part of world culture.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of China. 5.3 英美是被同一语言分离的两个国

29、家Two countries divided by a common language: the use of English & shared history makes people think the two are close, but there are a lot of very real cultural differences.Britain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, The British tends to be conservative, and

30、behaves like a gentleman. However, The United States is a nation of immigrants, is a young country. So, the Americans dare to innovate and stress emphasis on personal value.We can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly. By comp

31、arison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank. They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation. In general, British people tend to be calm and quiet, but American people tend to be enthusiastic and active. American people are talkative and easy-going. They are willing to make a friend with a stranger.Secondly, Besides, Britis