专题02 读后续写速成波浪式剧情推进法1.docx

1、专题02 读后续写速成波浪式剧情推进法1读后续写速成“波浪式”情节推进法提高读后续写的两个基本思路分为语言模仿与内容创造。语言要模仿，说的是语言方面的问题。我们可以通过阅读，有目的、有针对性地积累常用的佳句，最好以句子为单位进行积累，因为一个句子就是一个小情景，小画面。一个段落无非是几个小情景的组合。续写短文的词数要求在150左右，无非就是十二、三句话的事。今天不讨论语言积累的问题。内容要创造，可以理解为情节的扩展与安排方面的问题。续写的评分要求是：与所给短文融洽度高，与段落开头衔接合理，内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语，有效地使用了语句间连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。根据评分要

2、求不难看出读后续写重视考查情节的安排是否有效，是否合理。在这一环节中，常见的问题有：要么无话可说，要么是写了不少，但文不对题。为直观便于理解，本文以图解的形式来说明如何合理安排续写情节，写出内容丰富的150字。当然，也可以按图解的步骤启发学生的思维，训练学生写出紧扣原文，情节合理的续写内容。第一部分 方法介绍一、情节与主题从图中可以看出，记叙文情节的发展总是一波三折，这可以借鉴语文作文教学中常常提到的：文似看山不喜平。意思是写文章好比观赏山峰那样，喜欢奇势迭出，最忌平坦。英文写作亦是如此，但不管情节如何一波三折，从开头到结尾，情节的发展总是紧紧围绕一个主题(或中心)在进行的。情节必须为主题服务

3、，与主题无关的情节就是多余的内容。所以，首先要解决读的问题。通读原文，把握原文的主题是续后的第一步，情节的发展不能摆脱贯穿始终的主题。关于主题理解，你可以提出以下一些问题：What does the author want to tell us?Whats the main idea of the passage?What is the story about? What is the theme revealed to you in the story?What lesson can you learn from the story?Can you predict how the story

4、 ends after reading it?二、提示与结构从图中可见，续写在行文的衔接上分续写原文、Para.1与Para.2三个部分。在阅读原文，把握主题以后，接下来要根据Para.1与Para.2开头语的提示内容以及原文最后一段的情节，确定Para.1开头与结束可能出现的情节。因为无论情节如何起伏，思维如何开放，第一段的情节发展必须推向所要求出现的结尾部分内容。你可以这样问:According to the given sentence of Para.2, what should be mentioned at the end of Para.1?What is likely to h

5、appen according to the last paragraph of the text and the the given sentence of Para.1?同样，接下来要做的是根据Para.2开头语的提示内容以及文章的主题，确定第二段开头可能出现的情节以及结尾部分内容。做好这一步骤的好处是搭建文章结构，紧扣文章主题，不至于写到那时算那里。可以引导学生思考以下问题：According to the given sentence of Para.2, what will happen next?What should be mentioned at the end of the

6、story?What might be the ending of the story?Do you think ending the story in this way satisfies readers?三、Para.1细节从图中可见，在确定Para.1开头与结束可能出现的情节以后，接下来要做的是确定组成情节发展的细节内容(details)。根据记叙文的特点，可以通过提问5W1H(who; what; when; where; which; how)6个方面的问题，身临其境，挑选紧扣文章主题并推动故事情节发展的细节内容，力求具体，不宽泛。前因推后果，前一句推动下一句。笼统地说，可以用以下问

7、题打开思维，某人何时何地做了何事；怎样做；为什么这样做；出现了什么问题；看到了什么；听到了什么；说了什么；有什么感受；如何解决这一问题等等。当然，情节安排上要设立对立面，或者是冲突(conflict)，要有波折。但Para.1的情节发展最终要围绕主题指向第一段的结尾部分内容。所以，可以提出以下问题选择主要细节为我所用：What did he/she do?Why did he/she do.?How did he/she do.?What did he/she say about?How did he/she feel.?四、Para.2细节Para.2可以用Para.1一样的方法选择主要细节

8、内容，这里不再表述。不同之处是情节发展到Para.2时，故事一般已进入高潮阶段，最后是问题得到解决，或者是表明一种看法或者是揭示一个主题。大体上会出现这样的模式：出现问题-解决问题-再次出现问题-终于解决问题-然后深有体会与感悟。如有可能，在结尾部分最好有与原文第一段的主题句相呼应的内容，起到点题的作用。五、十个关键词上面的心形代表的是续写原文所提供的10个划线关键词，10个关键词在一定程度上确定了情节发展的一些主要因素，包括了主要人物(main character)、主要地点(place)、主要事件(event)以及主要场景(sence)等。所以，我们可以通过分析10个划线关键词预测续写部分

9、可能出现的情节，根据需要选择关键词。这一环节可以与前一步骤结合在一起，根据需要选择重要细节。以2016年10月浙江卷读后续写其中一个划线关键词语to her great joy为例，可以这样拓展学生的思维。What made Jane feel so joyful?In which paragraph will you use this phrase?What did she do then in the situation like this?将划线关键词放在最后考虑，目的是遵从“先整体，后细节；先宏观，后微观”的原则。这样做能确保“细节为主题服务”的思想，能最大限度的避免文不对题且言之无物

10、的问题。六、情节一览表一览表可以用课件的形式按步骤显现，下次如果你要对读后续写进行专题指导，可以根据该表帮助学生拓展思维，有效合理地扩展故事情节。第二部分 情节推进的2种语言模式读后续写行为推进的2种模式。那么，对于这2类文体，有无对应的语言，答案是有的。经过长期的积累。总结出如下71种表达，希望大家好好琢磨哦。第一种模式：解决问题模式一、遇到问题Sb is confronted with a tough issue. 某人面临一个棘手的问题。Sth is a tough nut to crack 某物是个需要解决的难题。Sb scratches his/her head.How is bey

11、ond sb.Sb is on pins and needlesSb has ants on the pantsStunned,sb is at a loss for wordsConfronted with the tough nuts, the three friends were lost /sunk in thought.Pondering over the matter, the three friends were lost /sunk in thought.Cupping their faces in hand, the three friends sank into deep

12、thought.Jaw resting on his / her hand, sb sank into deep thought.Walking/Shuttling/Wandering/Pacing back and forth, he was debating what to do next.二、想到办法Suddenly,an idea flashed across /popped into sbs mind thatIt suddenly occurred to /dawned on / hit / struck sb thatAn idea occurred to / dawned on

13、 / hit/ struck sb that三、实施过程With everything in place, the three friends With all the preparation work under way, the three friends With XXX ready and XX in hand, the three friends With XXX in one hand and XX in the other, the three friends 四、结果如何As it turned out/came out,It turned out that Thankfull

14、y/Luckily/Fortunately,Unfortunately/Unluckily,Sth ended up Sth wound up Finally/Eventually /Ultimately, Sb heaved /let out a sigh of reliefWhat arelief !What a narrow escape五、抽象道理It is at this moment that sb realized 正是在这个时刻，某人意识到It is not until that sb . 直到.那个人Sth impresses on sb that 这让某人印象深刻Its a

15、 life lesson inscribed in sbs mind that 这是一个生活课铭刻在某人的脑海中Its an invaluable lesson I kept till this day that 这是我一直坚持到今天第二种模式：纠结型模式一、遇到问题Sb is confronted with a tough issueSth is a tough nut to crackSb scratches his/her head.How is beyond sb.Sb is on pins and needles Sb has ants on the pants Stunned,sb

16、 is at a loss for words Confronted with the tough nuts, the three friends were lost /sunk in thought.Pondering over the matter, the three friends were lost /sunk in thought.Cupping their faces in hand, the three friends sank into deep thought.Jaw resting on his / her hand, sb sank into deep thought.

17、Walking/Shuttling/Wandering/Pacing back and forth, he was debating what to do next.二、主人公思想斗争：正确观点与错误观点的交锋1. Caught in a dilemma, sb was at a loss what to do. 陷入困境，某人不知所措。2. Sb is trapped/caught between A and B3. Sb is standing at a crossroads as to 某人正站在十字路口.4. It seems two little men were fighting

18、in his head. One was The other was 5. It seems two thoughts were having a tug of war. One was The other was 三、主人公思想斗争：正确观点战胜了错误观点1.Finally, sbs conscience triumphed over his/her evil thought 最后，某人的良心战胜了他/她的邪恶思想2.Finally, good triumphed over evil. 最后，善良战胜了邪恶。3.Finally, a clear conscience triumph over

19、 a guilty one. 最后，一个问心无愧的人战胜了一个有罪的人。4.Finally, justice won over. 最后，正义获胜了。5.Finally, honesty / integrity / fairness won over. 最后，诚信/诚信/公平胜出。四、采取了正确的行动1.sb decided to give sth back 某人决定把某物还回去2.sb decided to do the right thing. 某人决定做正确的事。3.Sb chose honesty over personal gain. 某人选择诚实而不是个人利益。4.Sb chose

20、integrity over personal interest. 某人选择诚信而不是个人利益。5.sb finally stood on the side of integrity /honesty /fairness /justice. 某人终于站在正直/诚实/公平/正义的一边。五、抽象道理 （同第一种模式）It is at this moment that sb realized 正是在这个时刻，某人意识到It is not until that sb . 直到.那个人Sth impresses on sb that 这让某人印象深刻Its a life lesson inscribed

21、 in sbs mind that 这是一个生活课铭刻在某人的脑海中Its an invaluable lesson I kept till this day that 这是我一直坚持到今天第三部分 读后续写真题实战读后续写是新高考模式的一个重要的改革，这个题型对学生的读和写提出了更高的能力要求，学生要能够基于文章的理解用自己的语言对原文进行续写，想要写出一个情节逻辑合理，对老师和学生来说无疑是一个巨大的挑战。2020年真题为例，一步一步讲解分析。原题材料阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。One fall, my wife Elli and I had a singl

22、e goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world” the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada.Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears like all wild animals should be photographed from a safe distance. W

23、hen Im face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread.The hun

24、gry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgu

25、n shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws（爪子）.I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Mak

26、ing the best of this close encounter（相遇）, I took some pictures of the bear.Elli and I feared the fence wouldnt last through 30 more minutes of the bears punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears eyes, but doesnt hurt them. So I approached our uninvited gues

27、t slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar（吼叫）, the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. At that very moment, the h

28、elicopter arrived. 情节推进思路一本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望惊恐放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“After thorou

29、ghly scrutinizing the area, the bear trotted forward a few steps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.”最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。关于画线词：Elli作为女主人公，是续写内容中应该出现的画线词，noises, pictures, fence, spray与熊有关，也在两段续写内容中出

30、现。最终，两人回归安全状态，因此画线词safe也可自然而然地出现在续写内容中。由此划分画线词，可迅速锁定需使用的画线词范围，辅助构思。A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness. The noises turned Elli and I pale with horror. I feared that the giant would destroy our whole fence. He roared

31、 repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence. Elli seized this opportunity to take some pictures of the bear. The animals noises echoed all around us. We betrayed our feelings by huddling together, shivering with fear. After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, he trotted forward a few steps.At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. Elli used pepper spray again to buy us enough time. But this time the bear became more alert. He regarded us with the merciless necessity of hunger, so we throw all the food we have. He