GCT 考前点睛 for students.docx

1、GCT 考前点睛 for students2011 GCT 考前一周点睛I. Structure1. 时态和语态1) 区别一般过去和现在完成e.g.: I had breakfast. I have had breakfast. 如果时间状语使用：in+过去时间; . ago; last .; S V . then; yesterday; the other day. 谓语常用一般 如果时间状语使用：for + 时间段; since + 过去时间点; in the recent years I had breakfast two hours ago. I have had breakfast

2、for two hours. die dead dyinge.g.: He died.e.g.: He died ten years ago.e.g.: He has died.e.g.: He has been dead for years.e.g.: He is dying.e.g.: He is dead. 2) 区别过去完成时和现在完成时从理解，以及句子给出的时间线索 现在完成时：-past-now- 发生在过去的事情，对现在产生影响。 过去完成时：-past of past -past-now- 发生在过去的过去的事情，对过去产生影响e.g.: I had hardly fallen

3、 asleep when the telephone rang.e.g.: The old man has lived in the old house since his wife was gone.3) 过去将来时：发生在过去一点的将来She said that she would do that. 4) 非谓语动词的被动The method enables certain experiments to be done in test tubes without animals-using.2. 非谓语动词1) V + to do/doing.的区别 to do作动词的宾语a.通常接to

4、do 作宾语的动词: agree, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, pretend, promise, refuse, wish. b. 通常接doing 作宾语的动词和短语: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest. be used to, cant help, cant sand, give up, go on, f

5、eel like, look forward to, devote to , stick to , object to, be busy. doing与 to do 的区别: love, like, hate + to do 表示具体行为 e.g.: I like to go swimming this weekend.+ doing 表示经常性的行为 e.g.: I like swimming. start, begin, continue书面语中接doing, 口头语中接to do, 区别不明显, 多根据使用者的语言习惯而定 e.g.: He continued to walk / wal

6、king.下列三种情况接to do: * 当主语为物时: e.g.: It starts to rain. 要下雨了.* 以-ing形式出现时: e.g.: She is beginning to cook dinner.* 当后面的宾语表示情感,思维,意念等 e.g.: He began to realize his mistakes. forget, remember, regret+ to do 没有做的事情 + doing做过的事情e.g.: Dont forget to turn off the lights I forgot to returning your money.e.g.

7、: I regret to inform you that. I regret seeing the film. try, attempt+ to do 努力/试图做某事 或者表示还未行动+ doing 尝试着做某事(不行不会坚持) 或者表示已经行动e.g.: I tried to break up the deadlock. He tried moving the table.e.g.: Rose tried to kill herself. Rose tried killing herself. mean+ to do 意欲/想/企图 + doing 意味着e.g.: I meant to

8、 give you this book today, but I forgot. e.g.: Doing without a pet and sending the money to relief organization means saving a life. go on continue+ to do 继续做刚刚停在的事情/做完一件事情,继续做另一件事情+ doing 继续做同一件事情 e.g.: stop+ to do 停下(正在做的)某事,去做某事+ doing 停下正在做的事情 need, require, want+ to do 主动+ doing 被动e.g.: Radios

9、today seldom need repairing or the attention of a technician. Radios today seldom need to be repaired or the attention of a technician.2) 分词短语做状语，以及独立主格结构 分词短语做状语When he had lunch, Jack sneezed.When he had lunch, Jack sneezed主动关系,用现在分词表示 Having lunch, Jack sneezed.Seen from the high building, people

10、 look like ants. 独立主格结构如果有自己独立的逻辑主语,直接加在分词短语前Rose having lunch, Jack sneezed.独立主格结构的形式: A型 和 B型A型: 1. 逻辑主语 + 现在分词, S V Rose having lunch, Jack sneezed2. 逻辑主语 + 过去分词, S V The problem solved, everybody was tired.3. 逻辑主语 + 不定式, S V The question to be discussed on the meeting, I have to prepare it4. 逻辑主

11、语 + 形容词, S V Mom ill, I have to care for her.5. 逻辑主语 + 副词, S V Time up, lets go.6. 逻辑主语 + 介词短语, S V Sword in hand, I am afraid of nothing.独立主格结构的形式: B型: With + A3) 形式主语it代替真正的主语to do It is + adj. + to do . It is + adj. for sb. To do sth. It is + adj. that sb. do sthe.g.: It is a great pity for there

12、 to be any quarrel in the school board meeting.= It is a great pity that there was any quarrel in the school board meeting.3. 从句引导词名词从句引导词：that, whether, if; who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how many.定语从句引导词：that, which, who, whom, whose, prep. + which / whom, when, where, why,

13、as.状语从句引导词：时间when, whenever, as, while, after, before, since, not.until, till, as soon as, hardly.when., no sooner. than., every time地点where, wherever条件if, unless, provided, supposing, as long as, once, in case原因because, since, as, in that, now that目的so that, in order that, lest结果so that, so + adj./

14、adv. + that, such + n. + that比较as + adj/adv. + as S V., adj./adv.er. than S V., the adj./adv.er S V, the adj./adv.er + S V.方式as, as if, as though让步although, though, as, even if, even though, however + adj/adv + S V, whatever + n. + S V1) 名词和代词后面的从句1 n./pron. + that/who/which/whom + 残缺的句子e.g.: Is the

15、re anything else _ you want to get ready for the party this evening?A. which B. who C. what D. thate.g.: The people _ are opposed to euthanasia are telling me that the dying people have no right to choose what they want.A. whom B. what C. who D. which 抽象n. + that + 完整的句子e.g.: No one could deny the f

16、act _ we are the part of eco-system. 时间n + when + 完整句子e.g.: Do you remember the time when we fall in love? 时间n + that/which + 残缺句子e.g.: The time that we spend on a pat does not belong to our own. 地点n + where + 完整句子e.g.: Do you still remember the little flat where we used to live? 地点n + that/which +

17、残缺句子e.g.: XXX that my husband and I visited last month is a really wonderful dream land. n./pron. + prep. + which/whome.g.: The circumstances _ _ people live have an effect on their cultures and customs. e.g.: A black hole is a space region _ _ nothing can escape. n. + whose n. e.g.: I like the room

18、 whose window faces the south.e.g.: People are surprised to the teenagers whose behaviors are offensive. 2) 及物动词和介词后面的从句 vt./prep. + that/whether/if + 完整的句子That 无意义；whether，if是否e.g.: We know that a parrot cant really speak. vt./prep. + what +残缺的句子e.g. I dont care what she thinks. 3) S V., _ s v. S V

19、., + which + 残缺的句子e.g.: my policy has always been not to worry but to start planning the next experiment, which is always fun. S V., 状语从句引导词 + 完整句子Jazz was actually appreciated as an important art form in Europe before it gained such recognition in the United States. S V., however + adj/adv S V.S V.

20、, whatever + n. S V. e.g.: However small the new finding may be, it is great to think “I am the only person who knows this”e.g.: Whatever difficulties we are confronted, we will exert all of our strength.4) as/though引导让步状语从句的倒装P + as/though + S V, S V.e.g.: Handsome as he is, he knows nothing about

21、e.g.: Child as he is, he could speak four languages.4. 倒装1) 表示否定或基本否定的词和词组放在句首作状语时否定的副词：not until, never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, nowhere, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not only, in no case, in no way, on no account, at no time, under (in) no circumstances.e.g.: Never before has anyone applie

22、d such principles to practice.Anyone has applied such principles to practice never before.e.g.: Not only was Chaplin admired as a first-class actor, he also made his name as a famous director. Chaplin was not only admired as a first-class actor, he also made his name as a famous director.e.g.: Under

23、 no circumstances, could we accept the so-called “Taiwan Independence”We could accept the so-called “Taiwan Independence”, under no circumstances.e.g.: Not until she was dead, had people remembered her misfortunes People didnt remember her misfortunes until she was dead.2) only 修饰的状语放在句首 only V情动/ b

24、e /V助动 + S +e.g.: Only in a harmonious family, can a child build up his self-esteem. Only when she calms down, she will listen to your explanation.3) 句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表面前句说明的情况也适用于本句时. so + be/have/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 .也是一样. nor/neither + be/have/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 .也是一样e.g.: - I was afraid. - so was I.e

25、.g.: - I cant speak English. - nor can I. e.g.: - A rabbit is a gentle animal. - so it is. nor/neither 可以用 not. either比较:I have never been abroad. So hasnt he. I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he. I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either. 4) 虚拟语气中的倒装倒装的是从句部分，从句中的谓语部分要出

26、现助动词：had，should，were，非真实条件从句中连词省略e.g.: If I should fail, I would try again.Should I fail, I would try again.e.g.: If you had taken my advice, you would have down well5) as引导让步状语从句adj + as + S V , S V V + as + S + V情态 , S Ve.g.: Handsome as he is, he has no girl-friend.6) so. that.的倒装So + adj./adv. +

27、 be/have/助动词/情态动词 + S + that S V.e.g.: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.Exercises:1. Not until actually faced with water scarcity appreciate the value of water to a region. (08)Aone can Bone cannot Ccan one Dcannot one2 Only by understanding the Web deeply

28、hope for people to grasp its full potential. (06)Acan there be Bcan be there Cbe there can Dthere can be3 Scarcely those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. (05)Ahad he uttered Bdid he utter Che had uttered Dhe did utter4 Not until recent years a popular means

29、 of communication. Ae-mail became Be-mail has becomeCdid e-mail become Dwill e-mail become5 Before we departed last weekend, we would have had a wonderful dinner party. AHad they arrived BWould they arriveCWere they arriving DWere they to arriveII. Vocabulary A charge A指控B curse B诅咒C accuse C控告D sco

30、ld D责骂A abandon A放弃B desert B抛弃C injure C伤害D punish D惩罚A damage A损害,伤害B spoil B宠坏C hurt C伤害D harm D伤害A sentence A判决B tear B撕破C wreck C(船,飞机的)失事D fatigue D疲劳A release A释放B relieve B使宽慰，减轻C loosen C放松，松弛D dismiss D解散，解雇，驳回A grant A同意,准予B entitle B授权,给.权利C credit C相信,信任,信贷D give D交给A attraction A吸引力B attention B注意C arrangement C安排D appointment D约会A appoint A任命,委派B order B整顿C arrange C安排D tidy D