GCT 考前点睛 for students.docx
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GCT考前点睛forstudents
2011GCT考前一周点睛
I.Structure
1.时态和语态
1）区别一般过去和现在完成
e.g.:
Ihadbreakfast.Ihavehadbreakfast.
☺如果时间状语使用：
in+过去时间;….ago;last….;SV….then;yesterday;theotherday.谓语常用一般
☺如果时间状语使用：
for+时间段;since+过去时间点;intherecentyears
Ihadbreakfasttwohoursago.
Ihavehadbreakfastfortwohours.
diedeaddying
e.g.:
Hedied.
e.g.:
Hediedtenyearsago.
e.g.:
Hehasdied.
e.g.:
Hehasbeendeadforyears.
e.g.:
Heisdying.
e.g.:
Heisdead.
2）区别过去完成时和现在完成时
从理解，以及句子给出的时间线索
☺现在完成时：
---------past--------now---------发生在过去的事情，对现在产生影响。
☺过去完成时：
-------pastofpast-------past--------now---------发生在过去的过去的事情，对过去产生影响
e.g.:
Ihadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthetelephonerang.
e.g.:
Theoldmanhaslivedintheoldhousesincehiswifewasgone.
3）过去将来时：
发生在过去一点的将来
Shesaidthatshewoulddothat.
4）非谓语动词的被动
Themethodenablescertainexperimentstobedoneintesttubeswithoutanimals-using.
2.非谓语动词
1）V+todo/doing….的区别
☺todo作动词的宾语
a.通常接todo作宾语的动词:
agree,decide,desire,determine,expect,hope,pretend,promise,refuse,wish….
☺b.通常接doing作宾语的动词和短语:
admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest....
beusedto,can'thelp,can'tsand,giveup,goon,feellike,lookforwardto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,bebusy....
☺doing与todo的区别:
love,like,hate
+todo表示具体行为e.g.:
Iliketogoswimmingthisweekend.
+doing表示经常性的行为e.g.:
Ilikeswimming.
start,begin,continue
书面语中接doing,口头语中接todo,区别不明显,多根据使用者的语言习惯而定
e.g.:
Hecontinuedtowalk/walking.
下列三种情况接todo:
*当主语为物时:
e.g.:
Itstartstorain.要下雨了.
*以-ing形式出现时:
e.g.:
Sheisbeginningtocookdinner.
*当后面的宾语表示情感,思维,意念等e.g.:
Hebegantorealizehismistakes.
forget,remember,regret
+todo没有做的事情+doing做过的事情
e.g.:
Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights
Iforgottoreturningyourmoney.
e.g.:
Iregrettoinformyouthat….
Iregretseeingthefilm.
try,attempt
+todo努力/试图做某事或者表示还未行动
+doing尝试着做某事（不行不会坚持）或者表示已经行动
e.g.:
Itriedtobreakupthedeadlock.Hetriedmovingthetable.
e.g.:
Rosetriedtokillherself.Rosetriedkillingherself.
mean
+todo意欲/想/企图+doing意味着
e.g.:
Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.
e.g.:
Doingwithoutapetandsendingthemoneytorelieforganizationmeanssavingalife.
gooncontinue
+todo继续做刚刚停在的事情/做完一件事情,继续做另一件事情
+doing继续做同一件事情
e.g.:
stop
+todo停下（正在做的）某事,去做某事
+doing停下正在做的事情
need,require,want
+todo主动
+doing被动
e.g.:
Radiostodayseldomneedrepairingortheattentionofatechnician.
Radiostodayseldomneedtoberepairedortheattentionofatechnician.
2）分词短语做状语，以及独立主格结构
☺分词短语做状语
Whenhehadlunch,Jacksneezed.
Whenhehadlunch,Jacksneezed
主动关系,用现在分词表示
[Havinglunch],Jacksneezed.
Seenfromthehighbuilding,peoplelooklikeants.
☺独立主格结构
如果有自己独立的逻辑主语,直接加在分词短语前
Rosehavinglunch,Jacksneezed.
独立主格结构的形式:
A型和B型
A型:
1.逻辑主语+现在分词,SV
[Rosehavinglunch],Jacksneezed
2.逻辑主语+过去分词,SV
Theproblemsolved,everybodywastired.
3.逻辑主语+不定式,SV
Thequestiontobediscussedonthemeeting,Ihavetoprepareit
4.逻辑主语+形容词,SV
Momill,Ihavetocareforher.
5.逻辑主语+副词,SV
Timeup,let’sgo.
6.逻辑主语+介词短语,SV
Swordinhand,Iamafraidofnothing.
独立主格结构的形式:
B型:
With+A
3）形式主语it代替真正的主语todo
☺Itis+adj.+todo….
☺Itis+adj.forsb.Todosth….
☺Itis+adj.thatsb.dosth…
e.g.:
Itisagreatpityfortheretobeanyquarrelintheschoolboardmeeting.
=Itisagreatpitythattherewasanyquarrelintheschoolboardmeeting.
3.从句引导词
名词从句引导词：
that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how,howmany….
定语从句引导词：
that,which,who,whom,whose,prep.+which/whom,when,where,why,as….
状语从句引导词：
时间when,whenever,as,while,after,before,since,not….until,till,assoonas,hardly….when….,nosooner….than….,everytime
地点where,wherever
条件if,unless,provided,supposing,aslongas,once,incase
原因because,since,as,inthat,nowthat
目的sothat,inorderthat,lest
结果sothat,so+adj./adv.+that,such+n.+that
比较as+adj/adv.+asSV….,adj./adv.er….thanSV….,theadj./adv.erSV,theadj./adv.er+SV.
方式as,asif,asthough
让步although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,however+adj/adv+SV,whatever+n.+SV
1）名词和代词后面的从句
1n./pron.+that/who/which/whom+残缺的句子
e.g.:
Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttogetreadyforthepartythisevening?
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.that
e.g.:
Thepeople____areopposedtoeuthanasiaaretellingmethatthedyingpeoplehavenorighttochoosewhattheywant.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which
②抽象n.+that+完整的句子
e.g.:
Noonecoulddenythefact____wearethepartofeco-system.
③时间n+when+完整句子
e.g.:
Doyourememberthetimewhenwefallinlove?
④时间n+that/which+残缺句子
e.g.:
Thetimethatwespendonapatdoesnotbelongtoourown.
⑤地点n+where+完整句子
e.g.:
Doyoustillrememberthelittleflatwhereweusedtolive?
⑥地点n+that/which+残缺句子
e.g.:
XXXthatmyhusbandandIvisitedlastmonthisareallywonderfuldreamland.
⑦n./pron.+prep.+which/whom
e.g.:
Thecircumstances__________peoplelivehaveaneffectontheirculturesandcustoms.
e.g.:
Ablackholeisaspaceregion__________nothingcanescape.
⑧n.+whosen.’
e.g.:
Iliketheroomwhosewindowfacesthesouth.
e.g.:
Peoplearesurprisedtotheteenagerswhosebehaviorsareoffensive.
2）及物动词和介词后面的从句
①vt./prep.+that/whether/if+完整的句子
That无意义；whether，if是否
e.g.:
Weknowthataparrotcan’treallyspeak.
②vt./prep.+what+残缺的句子
e.g.Idon'tcarewhatshethinks.
3）SV….,____sv….
①SV….,+which+残缺的句子
e.g.:
mypolicyhasalwaysbeennottoworrybuttostartplanningthenextexperiment,whichisalwaysfun.
②SV….,[状语从句引导词+完整句子]
JazzwasactuallyappreciatedasanimportantartforminEuropebeforeitgainedsuchrecognitionintheUnitedStates.
③SV….,[however+adj/advSV….]
SV….,[whatever+n.SV….]
e.g.:
Howeversmallthenewfindingmaybe,itisgreattothink“Iamtheonlypersonwhoknowsthis”
e.g.:
Whateverdifficultiesweareconfronted,wewillexertallofourstrength.
4）as/though引导让步状语从句的倒装
P+as/though+SV,SV….
e.g.:
Handsomeasheis,heknowsnothingabout
e.g.:
Childasheis,hecouldspeakfourlanguages.
4.倒装
1）表示否定或基本否定的词和词组放在句首作状语时
否定的副词：
notuntil,never,scarcely,hardly,rarely,little,nowhere,nosooner…than…,hardly…when,notonly…,innocase,innoway,onnoaccount,atnotime,under（in）nocircumstances.
e.g.:
Neverbeforehasanyoneappliedsuchprinciplestopractice.
Anyonehasappliedsuchprinciplestopracticeneverbefore.
e.g.:
NotonlywasChaplinadmiredasafirst-classactor,healsomadehisnameasafamousdirector.
Chaplinwasnotonlyadmiredasafirst-classactor,healsomadehisnameasafamousdirector.
e.g.:
Undernocircumstances,couldweaccepttheso-called“TaiwanIndependence”
Wecouldaccepttheso-called“TaiwanIndependence”,undernocircumstances.
e.g.:
Notuntilshewasdead,hadpeoplerememberedhermisfortunes
Peopledidn’trememberhermisfortunesuntilshewasdead.
2）only修饰的状语放在句首
[only……]V情动/be/V助动+S+…
e.g.:
Onlyinaharmoniousfamily,canachildbuilduphisself-esteem.
Onlywhenshecalmsdown,shewilllistentoyourexplanation.
3）句首为so,nor,neither等副词，表面前句说明的情况也适用于本句时
....so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语....也是一样
....nor/neither+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语....也是一样
e.g.:
---Iwasafraid.---sowasI.
e.g.:
---Ican’tspeakEnglish.---norcanI.
e.g.:
---Arabbitisagentleanimal.---soitis.
※.nor/neither可以用not....either
比较:
Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Sohasn’the.
Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.
Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasnever/notbeenabroad,either.
4）虚拟语气中的倒装
倒装的是从句部分，从句中的谓语部分要出现助动词：
had，should，were，非真实条件从句中连词省略
e.g.:
IfIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.
ShouldIfail,Iwouldtryagain.
e.g.:
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldhavedownwell
5）as引导让步状语从句
[adj+as+SV],SV[V+as+S+V情态],SV
e.g.:
Handsomeasheis,hehasnogirl-friend.
6）so….that….的倒装
So+adj./adv.+be/have/助动词/情态动词+S+thatSV.
e.g.:
SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.
Exercises:
1.Notuntilactuallyfacedwithwaterscarcityappreciatethevalueofwatertoaregion.（08）
A．onecanB．onecannotC．canoneD．cannotone
2．OnlybyunderstandingtheWebdeeplyhopeforpeopletograspitsfullpotential.（06）
A．cantherebeB．canbethereC．betherecanD．therecanbe
3．Scarcelythosewordswhensuddenlythemonsterwastransformedintoaveryhandsomeyouth.（05）
A．hadheutteredB．didheutterC．hehadutteredD．hedidutter
4．Notuntilrecentyearsapopularmeansofcommunication.
A．e-mailbecameB．e-mailhasbecome
C．dide-mailbecomeD．wille-mailbecome
5．Beforewedepartedlastweekend,wewouldhavehadawonderfuldinnerparty.
A．HadtheyarrivedB．Wouldtheyarrive
C．WeretheyarrivingD．Weretheytoarrive
II.Vocabulary
［A］charge［A］指控
［B］curse［B］诅咒
［C］accuse［C］控告
［D］scold［D］责骂
［A］abandon［A］放弃
［B］desert［B］抛弃
［C］injure［C］伤害
［D］punish［D］惩罚
［A］damage［A］损害,伤害
［B］spoil［B］宠坏
［C］hurt［C］伤害
［D］harm［D］伤害
［A］sentence［A］判决
［B］tear［B］撕破
［C］wreck［C］（船,飞机的）失事
［D］fatigue［D］疲劳
［A］release［A］释放
［B］relieve［B］使宽慰，减轻
［C］loosen［C］放松，松弛
［D］dismiss［D］解散，解雇，驳回
［A］grant［A］同意,准予
［B］entitle［B］授权,给...权利
［C］credit［C］相信,信任,信贷
［D］give［D］交给
［A］attraction［A］吸引力
［B］attention［B］注意
［C］arrangement［C］安排
［D］appointment［D］约会
［A］appoint［A］任命,委派
［B］order［B］整顿
［C］arrange［C］安排
［D］tidy［D
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