英文合同学习.docx

1、英文合同学习第一部分、用词方面1.At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较help正式；2.The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较ake part in 正式；3.The Employer

2、shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. 雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较give 正式；4.Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou. 甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较send back 正式；5.This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance w

3、ith the laws of China. 本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe较explain，interpret正式；6.The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent. 雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较at once 正式；7.The Chairperson may c

4、onvene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。8.In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right. 如一方想出售或转让其投资之

5、全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较transfer 正式。如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较transfer 正式。第二部分、用词方面多使用here，there，where等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花？初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表，there 代表that，where 代表what/which，就容易记多了。hereafter = after this time；今后hereby = by means/reason of this；特此herein = in this；此中，于此hereinaf

6、ter = later in this contract；在下文hereafter = afterwards；此后，后来thereby = by that means；因此；由此；在那方面therein = from that；在那里；在那点上thereinafter = later in the same contract；以下；在下文whereby = by what；by which；由是；凭那个wherein = in what；in which；在哪里；在哪点上第三部分、用词方面多用shall代替will或should加强语气和强制力。合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表

7、示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应该”、“必须”；will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”；should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。1.This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed. 本合同签字生效。2.This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies. 本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双

8、方各持两份。 第四部分、用语方面一、力求严谨，明白无误：1.The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract. 下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；2.This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representati

9、ves of both parties. 本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补；3.All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China. ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。二、多用主动语态，少用被动语态：1.Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （不宜）乙方

10、被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商；2.Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （适宜）甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商；三、多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：1.Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following event

11、s： 当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：2.Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed；许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定；3.The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract；and 第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布；4.Licensor fails to perform its obligations under

12、this Contract. 许可人未能履行其合同义务。四、直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：1.This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。2.This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用得多）本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。 五、尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：1.Party A shall make

13、 an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract. 甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替make an appointment of. 2.Party A will give consideration to Party Bs proposal of exclusive agency. 甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to. 第五部分、下列特殊用语使用频繁 一、WHEREAS 鉴于正式而重要的合同，尤

14、其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用：WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq；鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼；WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works；鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力；2、WITNE

15、SS 证明在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词：This Agreement，made by WITNESSES WHEREAS, it is agreed as follows：本协议由签订证明：鉴于特此达成协议如下：IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据，该短语常用于合同的结尾条款： IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.

16、作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。三、IN CONSIDERATION OF 以为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein，contained, the parties hereto agree as follows：兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：In consideration of the payment to be

17、 made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract. 乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。四、NOW，THEREFORE 兹特此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款，则本短语可省略：NOW, THEREFORE, its hereby agreed and un

18、derstood as follows；兹特协议和谅解如下：NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据，本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。五、PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语，WITNESS是谓语：NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：六、IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人本短语只在有见证人时使用在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证

19、人签名作证，一般是相关的律师（Attorney）或公证处（Notary Public）：IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：作为协议事项的证据，订约双方各自签名盖章如下：第六部分、其他短语For and on behalf the first Party（甲方代表）：For and on behalf of the Second party（乙方代表）：The EMPLOYER（雇主）Capacity（职位）In the Presence of （见证

20、人）Capacity（职位The CONTRACTOR （承包人）涉外合同格式】涉外合同按繁简不同，尽管可以采取不同书面形式，如正式合同（Contract）、协议书（Agreement）、确认书（Confirmation）、备忘录（Memorandum）、订单（Order）等等，但是一般都包含如下几个部分：一、合同名称（Title）二、前文（Preamble）1. 订约日期和地点Date and place of signing 2. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所Signing parties and their nationalities, principal place of bus

21、iness or residence addresses 3. 当事人合法依据Each partys authority，比如，该公司是按当地法律正式组织而存在的（a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of XXX）4. 订约缘由/说明条款Recitals or WHEREAS clause 三、本文（Body）1. 定义条款（Definition clause）2. 基本条款（Basic conditions）3. 一般条款（General terms and conditions）a. 合同有效期（Duration

22、）b. 合同的终止（Termination）c. 不可抗力（Force Majeure）d. 合同的让与（Assignment）e. 仲裁（Arbitration）f. 适用的法律（Governing law）g. 诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction）h. 通知手续（Notice）i. 合同修改（Amendment）j. 其它（Others）四、结尾条款（WITNESS clause）1. 结尾语，包括份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence）2. 签名（Signature）3. 盖印（Seal） 用词方面一、多用正式或法律上的用词，比如：The personnel s

23、hall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较take part in 正式；The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. 雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较give 正式；In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the

24、 other party shall have the preemptive right. 如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign较transfer 正式In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products. 加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。法律用词title 较ownership 正式. The term Effective date means the d

25、ate on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto. 生效期指双方合同签字的日子。法律用词execute 较sign 正式. 用语方面一、力求严谨，明白无误：The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract. 下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；This Contract can only be altered, amended o

26、r supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties. 本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补；买 方： (The Buyers) 卖方： (The Sellers)兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品：This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy an

27、d the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter:(1) 商品名称:Name of Commodity：(2) 数 量：Quantity:(3) 单 价：Unit price:(4) 总 值：Total Value:(5) 包 装：Packing:(6) 生产国别：Country of Origin :(7) 支付条款：Terms of Payment:(8) 保 险：Insurance:(9) 装运期限：Time

28、 of Shipment:(10) 起 运 港：Port of Lading:(11) 目 的 港：Port of Destination:(12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。Claims:Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity w

29、ith the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable. The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers.(1

30、3)不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由，发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。Force Majeure:The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of man

31、ufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after. The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Se

32、llers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods.(14）仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。Arbitration:All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. I