1、中高级口译证书高频翻译考点扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment 培养创新精神和实践能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口增长的高峰期 baby boom 人民生活水平 quality of life; the living standards 社会保障 social security 失业率 rate of unemployment 实现小康目标 atta
2、in the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 城镇社会保障体系 the social security system in urban areas 独生子女 the only child 待业人员 job seekers 待遇优厚的工作 a well-paid job 高度重视精神文明建
3、设 pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好优生优育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 过温饱生活 live a life at a subsistent level 基本养老金basic pensions 加强计划生育工作 further improve family planning 建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country按劳分配:distr
4、ibution according to ones performance 按资排辈:to assign priority according to seniority 产品本土化:product localization 产业不景气:idustrial depression 产业的升级换代:upgrading of industries 产业格局:industrial pattern 产业结构升级:upgrading of an industrial structure 城乡居民收入:income of urban and rural residents 城镇化:urbanizationca
5、r loans 汽车贷款 cash bonus 现金奖励 cash flow 现金流量 cashiers cheque 本票 central business district (CBD) 中央商务区 certificated public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师 certified business executive 高级商务师 checks and balances 相互制约和平衡 collect call 对方付费电话 commerce clause 商业条款 Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系 budget 预算 budget defici
6、t 预算赤字 budget surplus 预算盈余 budgetary items 预算项目 business cycle 商业周期 business fraud 商业欺诈 business mechanism 创业机制 business prototype 商业模型 capital flow 资本流动 aggregate demand总需求 aggregate supply总供给 allocation of financial resources金融资源配置 ample supply 供应充裕 an average annual increase年均增长 annual return年利润
7、anti-dumping measures反倾销措施 areas for the market access市场准入领域 asset n.资产 associate company (subsidiary/affiliate) 联营公司,子公司,附属公司a hedge against inflation防止通货膨胀的措施 a prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策 absolute advantage 绝对优势 accounting fraud 做假账 accounting scandal 财务丑闻 bookkeeping n.记账 financial statement
8、 财务报表 keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开 acquisition of assets 购置资产 active balance (passive balance/unfavorable balance)顺差(逆差)(13)Iit is a bother to me。这对我来说是件麻烦事。 She is an honor to her school,她是个为母校增光的人。 a用在抽象名词前,使抽象名词变为普通名词。 (14)a new moon一轮新月(c.f. the moon月亮) a world like our
9、s像我们这样的世界(c.f. the world世界) 原本the的名词改用a后,表示某种状态。 (15)a red and black skirt一条红黑相间的裙子(一条) a red and a black skirt一条红裙和一条黑裙(二条) 两个词同指一物或一人时只用一个a,指两件物品或两个人时,两个词分别用a。 怎样用英语表示数字 在汉英笔译和英语写作中,经常会遇到数字;哪些场合用单词表示,哪些场合用阿拉伯数字表示,往往使人难以确定,现行语法书中也极少涉及此类问题。 实际上,以英语为母语的国家,在书写数字时已形成几条约定俗成的规则,现总结如下供读者参考。 (1)英美等国的出版社在排版
10、时遵循一条原则,即1至10用单词表示,10以上的数目用阿拉伯数字(也有的以100为界限),这条原则值得我们行文时借鉴。如: That table measures ten feet by five. 那个工作台长10英尺,宽5英尺。 The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session twoorthree time
11、s a week. 由一个教授和十名学生每周会晤两三次,每次授课时间45到50分钟,是大学程度课堂教学的传统方式。 (2)大数目用阿技伯数字表示显得更简洁明了,但不定数量、近似值用单词表示较恰当。如: There are 203817 voters on the electoral rolls。 选举名单上有203817个投票人。 Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election. 近3万个投票人参加了这次选举。 (3)遇到日期、百分比、带单位的特殊数字,通常用阿拉伯数字。如: Maximum swivel of table is
12、 l20. 工作台的最大回转角度是120度。 又如: 3rd march l991或3 march l991; a discount of 5 percent(5%的折扣); purchased 7 yards of carpet(买7码地毯); ordered 2 pounds of minced steak (订购2磅剁碎的肉)。 如果涉及的数目和单位是不定数,可用单词表示, 如: about five miles per hour(每小时大约5英里), at least ten yards away(至少有10码远), hesitated for a momentortwo(犹豫了片刻)
13、, i have warned you a hundred times(我已经警告你多少遍了)。 (4)在科技文章中,数字频繁出现,用阿拉伯数字比用单词陈述更有利,如: The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 liters and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute。 这台新发动机的容积为4.3升,转速为每分钟4400转时输出功率是153千瓦。 we know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0,and 76cm,pr
14、essure is 0.08l pound,or12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound. 我们知道,1立方英尺的空气在0摄氏度和760毫米汞柱压力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是说12立方英尺空气的重量是1磅。 (5)句首不用阿拉伯数字,句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字, 4th July is an important date in American history. 应该写成the fourth of July. 19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition. 19对选手参加了交际舞比赛。应改写成:N
15、ineteen couples took 60% profit was a reported据报道有60%的利润。 应改写成:Sixty per cent profit 1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar. 试验时在杆的中点加1345公斤力。 可改成When tested, a force of l345 kg was applied (6)遇到分数,可用带连字符号的单词表示,如: At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds. 这个班至少有三分之二的学
16、生患重感冒。 Nitrogen forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere. 氮约占大气的五分之四。 Sports 1. 创记录 e.g. had brokenorchalked up 495 world records. 也可以说: produce a total of 495 world records. set(up)/create/establish/make a new record. 2. 刷新记录 rewrite/renew/better/improve the world/ones own record 3. 其它 e.g. equal/
17、match a record reach a record hold/keep the record for. 4. 得冠军,得奖牌的表达方法 e.g. had won 582 world championships 也可以说: gain world titles/championships take/capture 6 titles out of a possible 7 sweep all the 7 titles wrest the championship from. 5. 体育运动中的“实力”,“强项”怎么译? “实力”可译作“strength”或“power”,如: Chinese
18、 athletes showed their traditional strength in some track and field events. “实力”也可能形容词“powerful”或“strong”表达,如: Chinese women basketball players are very powerful/strong. “强项”可译作“strong game/sport”。 6. “黑马”为什么是“dark”horse? “黑马”是“dark”而不是“black”horse 这里dark的含义是“不清楚”,“不明朗”,表示对于某人“知道甚少”的意思。 Education 1.
19、“培养”(人才)怎么译? “培养”可译做 train, turn out 或 produce,如: turn out large numbers of skilled workers have trained.assistant and middle level technicians the college produces very good interpreters. 有时“培养”也译做foster,如: to foster activists培养积极分子 2.“工作单位”怎么译? 我国出版的英文报刊常把“工作单位”译作“work unit”,unit一词在英语中经常用不 指“部队”;翻
20、译时如能用具体的词,如school, factory, hospital, company等可能更明白易懂。若指为特殊目的成立的机构(如医院,学校,公司等),也可考虑用institution一词代替。原工作单位也可译作the institution at which one used to work。 3.program一词的意思 program有syllabus(课程提纲)或curriculum(一个学校,专业,或学科的全部课程)的意思,如今也用来表示学校开设的“专业”,如:We have a MA program in literature/an intercultural communi
21、cation program,或学校所设的“(训练)部”,如:the un language training program;Mr. Lin is in charge of the Chinese program in our university. 补充一些有关教育的词汇: project hope 希望工程 the credit system 学分制 a double BA degree system 双学士制 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 定向招生 key university 重点大学
22、 center for post-doctoral studies 博士后科研流动站 specialty 专业 college/university of science and engineering 理工科大学 normal university;teachers university 师范大学 polytechnic university 工业大学 agricultural university 农业大学 medical university 医科大学 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 中医学院 Economy and Reform 1.
23、reform一词的搭配法 reform可以和以下动词连用: accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms bring about reforms carry a reform into effect advocate/propose/urge reforms “深化改革”在我国出版的英语报刊上常译成deepen reform.一般说deepen做及物动词时常与knowledge, understanding一类词连用。“深化改革”中的“深化”就是“进一步”的意思,可译成: intensify the rural reform further car
24、ry out reforms as the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward 2.“改革开放”的表达法 “改革开放”可译成the policy of reform and opening up 或the reform and the open policy。切不可与the open-door policy(“门户开放”政策)混淆。“进一步开放”或“门要开得更大”可译成reform and opening up went one step further;further reform and opening
25、up。 “加快改革开放的步伐”可译成accelerate the pace of reform and opening up。 3.“坚持”怎么译? “坚持”可以译作adhere to, persevere in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等,如: adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong thou
26、ght. adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development. persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic points persisting in reform and opening up hold on to socialism stick to this attitude keep to the socialist orientation adhere to 的意识是“坚持维护,支持”,“信仰坚定”,“忠于”,如:“坚持党的基本路线”可译作 adhe
27、re to the partys basic line,“坚持无产阶级国际主义”可译作adhere to proletarian internationalism。 persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行动,都有“在困难或遭到反对的情况下继续”的意思;但persevere in 带褒义,表示“不屈不挠”,而persist in 带贬义,表示“顽固,不听开导”,如: perseverance means success. persevere in ones studies/armed struggle persist in ones errors/asking insult
28、ing questions hold one to 的意思是“抓住不放”,用于beliefs, ideas, principles时表示“坚持信仰”,即使他人影响或情况使人产生怀疑,也不改变或放弃,如: hold on to ones views stick to 的意思是“粘住,不离”;和choice, decision, principle, belief 等词连用时,也有“不变,不放弃”,“坚持”的意思。 keep to 有“不离”,“不违背”,“遵守”的意思,如: keep to the main road keep to prearranged plan keep to 用于deci
29、sion,belief,rules时有“坚持”的意思。此外,“坚持”也可译作insist on, keep up, uphold 等。 insist on 多用于意见,主张,表示“硬要”,“坚决要求”,如: we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate. she insisted on her innocence. he insisted on going innocence. keep up 的意思是“继续”,如: keep up ones studies/piano practice/the attack/the g
30、ood work uphold 的意思 是“支持”,赞同“,可和law, principle, system, practice连用,表示“坚持”。“我们党坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观”可译作our party upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world outlook. 工业 1.“达到”怎么译? “达到”可用reach或amount to,但amount to 表示几个部分相加后得到的总和,和add up to,total,number的意思一样。 2.operation一词的意思 operation有“运转”,“操作”,“工作”等意思,因此工厂“投入生产”,铁路“开始通车”,公司“开始营业”等都可能go into/step into/begin operation(s),如: the factory went into operation in1992. operation还有“经营”的意思,“经营机制”是operation mechanism,“经营自主”是autonomy in oper
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