学年高中英语Unit11TheMediaSectionⅡLesson2Lesson3精讲课时语法北师大版必修4.docx

1、学年高中英语Unit11TheMediaSectionLesson2Lesson3精讲课时语法北师大版必修4Unit 11 The Media Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 303精讲课时语法语法预备役动名词判断下列句子中的动名词在句中的语法功能1. The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.()答案：介词宾语2. Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high

2、standards of visual design.()答案：介词宾语3. .the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money.()答案：表语4. The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements.()答案：主语语法讲座动名词由“动词ing”构成，是一种非谓语动词形式

3、。动名词具有动词的特征，在句中起名词的作用，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。一、动名词的时态和语态(以write为例)时态主动语态被动语态一般时writingbeing written完成时having writtenhaving been written注：其否定形式是在doing前加上not。Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。I dont like being laughed at in public.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。二、动名词的语法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表

4、语、宾语、定语等。1. 动名词作主语(1)动名词作主语时多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作，且谓语用单数形式。Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集儿童健康状况的信息是他的工作。名师点睛动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Be careful! To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一

5、具体动作)(2)形式主语it代替动名词作主语。常见句式：It is/feels funny doing sth.做某事很滑稽。Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。Its useless/worthwhile/worth doing sth.做某事没用/值得/值得。Its no good/no use/no fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel.读这样一部精彩的小说很值得。It is no use arguing with him about

6、 such a matter.为这种事情和他争论没有用。2. 动名词作表语动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task)你的任务就是擦窗户。What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most)我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。辨析：现在分词作表语与动名词作表语现在

7、分词说明主语的性质、特征、状态等，主语和表语不可以互换位置动名词解释主语的内容，主语和表语的位置可以互换My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。(现在分词)My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(动名词)3. 动名词作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,

8、 risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)Do you mind passing me that dictionary?你介意递给我那本词典吗？He admitted having broken the window.他承认打破了窗户。(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attenti

9、on to, be worth 等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。名师点睛有些动词后面加动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同：remember, forget, regret, mean, try, stop, go on。(1)在remember, forget, regret后跟v.ing形式时，v.ing形式表示动作发生在上述动词表示的动作之前；上述动词后跟不定式时，不定式表示的动作发生在上述动词表示的动作之后。(2)mean后接不定式时，意为“决意，打算”；mean后接v.ing形式时，意为“意味着，表明”。(3)tr

10、y后接不定式时，意为“努力，设法”；try后接v.ing形式时，意为“尝试，试用”。I regret accepting your advice.我后悔听了你的建议。(accept发生在regret之前)I regret to tell you that I wont accept your advice.我十分遗憾地告诉你，我不能接受你的意见。(tell发生在regret之后)4. 动名词作定语动名词作定语常置于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰词的某种用途或性能。a walking sticka stick (which is used) for walking拐杖a washing machine

11、a machine (which is used) for washing洗衣机a reading rooma room (which is used) for reading阅览室辨析：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语动名词动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，其间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系现在分词现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行This passage can be used as listening materials.这篇文章可以被用作听力材料。(动名词)As we all know, China is a developing cou

12、ntry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。(现在分词)三、动名词的复合结构1. 动名词的复合结构作主语。(1)形容词性物主代词动名词(2)名词所有格动名词Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们前来帮忙对我们来说是个巨大的鼓舞。2. 动名词的复合结构作宾语。(1)形容词性物主代词动名词(2)名词所有格动名词(3)人称代词宾格动名词(4)名词动名词Do you mind my/me opening the door?你介意我打开门吗？I cant imagine Marys/Mary marrying such a young

13、 man.我无法想象玛丽竟然嫁给了这么一个年轻人。强化印证用所给词的适当形式填空1. I dont mind _ (the children, play) in the garden, but I cant have them walking over my flowers.答案：the children (s) playing2. I hate _ (look) at when I am doing lessons.答案：being looked3. The boy was afraid of _ (leave) alone in the room at night.答案：being lef

14、t4. Something has been done to prevent workers from _ (injure) when they are working.答案：being injured5. I cant understand _ (they, forbid) to go to the meeting.答案：their/them being forbidden6. He couldnt stand _ (make) fun of when his wife was present.答案：being made7. This novel is not worthy of _ (ma

15、ke) into a film.答案：being made8. The patient insisted on _ (operate) on even if there was little hope of success.答案：being operated9. He regretted _ (make) the decision too hastily.答案：having made10. _ (he, tell) a lie made his mother quite angry.答案：His telling考点研讨 1. His_(elect) our chairman made us t

16、hink of a lot.答案研讨：being elected句意：他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。根据句意可知应用动名词的被动，故填being elected。2. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed _(go) into the sports club.答案研讨：to go句意：因为杰克把会员证忘在家里了，所以他不被允许进入运动俱乐部。本题容易填写going，此处不是allow doing 短语，而是allow sb. to do sth. 的被动语态，所以填to go。3. _(hear) how

17、 others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.答案研讨：Hearing句意：听到别人对你刚读的书作出的反应制造出了更多的快乐。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为creates，所以前面部分作主语，此处用动名词的一般式作主语。4. _ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.答案研讨：Understa

18、nding句意：对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。逻辑主语与understand之间为主动关系，设空处需用非谓语动词的主动形式。5. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _ (recognize)答案研讨：being recognized句意：那个电影明星戴着太阳镜，因此，他可以在不被认出的情况下去购物。本题考查非谓语动词。without为介词，后接动词的动名词形式，recognize与he为逻辑上的被动关系，故答案为being r

19、ecognized。达标演练. 完成句子1. _ argue with Shylock.试图和夏洛克争论是没有用的。答案：It is useless trying to2. I regret _.我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。答案：missing the report3. _doesnt necessarily mean _.你正确未必就意味着我错了。答案：Your being right; my being wrong4. _， the student made a face.这个同学脸上没有笑容，相反做了怪脸。答案：Instead of smiling5. I apologize for _

20、you.我向你道歉，对你那样生气。答案：being so angry with. 单句改错1. Im looking forward to see him again._答案：seeseeing2. It is very cold outside. I feel like to drink something hot._答案：to drinkdrinking3. This felt funny watching myself on TV._答案：ThisIt4. I being ill worried my parents greatly._答案：IMy5. I must apologise

21、for letting not you know ahead of time.Thats all right._答案：letting notnot letting. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)1. Lydia doesnt feel like _(study) abroad. Her parents are old.答案：studying句意：Lydia不想出国学习，她的父母都上年纪了。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，动名词在此作宾语。2. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ (open) and clos

22、ed could be heard outside the classroom.答案：being opened句意：开始上课时，开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的复合结构作宾语的用法。of是介词，其后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，desks与open和close之间均是逻辑上的动宾关系，故动名词须用被动形式。3. I had great difficulty _ (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.答案：finding句意：我在那家餐馆里很难找到合适的饭菜。have difficulty (in) doin

23、g sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。4. He used _(drive) on the right in China, but he soon got used _ (drive) on the left in England.答案：to drive; to driving句意：他过去在中国靠右边驾车，但他很快习惯了在英国靠左边驾车。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be/get used to doing sth.“习惯于干某事”，to是介词。5. I really appreciate _ (have) time to relax with you in thi

24、s beautiful country.答案：having句意：我很感谢能和你一起在这个美丽的国家放松自己。appreciate(感激)后通常接动名词作宾语，故填having。6. _(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.答案：Being exposed句意：暴露在太阳底下太长时间对皮肤有害。所填部分为句子主语，故用动名词形式，根据句意，expose应为被动式。7. The artist made up his mind to devote all he could to _ (improve) his

25、 English before going abroad.答案：improving句意：这位艺术家决定在出国之前倾其一切提高英语。句中的he could后省略了do，作all的定语，即devote all he could (do) to improving his English; devote.to.中的to是介词，后接名词、动名词或代词宾格作宾语。8. All the staff in our company are considering _ (go) to the city centre for the fashion show.答案：going由语境可知，consider此处意为“

26、考虑”，后接doing作宾语。9. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ (smoke) here.答案：smoking句意：我可以在这儿吸烟吗？抱歉。我们这儿不允许吸烟。allow常用结构为allow sb. to do sth.以及allow doing sth.。10. The PLA soldiers are willing to risk _ (lose) their lives to rescue those tourists caught in the flood.答案：losing句意：解放军官兵们甘愿冒生命危险来营救被洪水所困的游客们。risk后面只能跟动名词作宾语，意为“冒之险”。