第四章数词连词.docx

1、第四章 数词连词第四章 数词一、基数词与序数词高考试题传真It is not rare in _ that people _ fifties are going to university for further education. (1999,上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their_ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps. (1992，上海) A. The hundredth B. The hundred C. H

2、undredth D. A hundredthThe hero of the story is an artist in his _. (1991) A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirtiesHe looked quite healthy though he was_.(1985,上海) A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventyKeys:D A D B数词是用来表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。(一)基数词表示数量的词叫基数词。1-12的基

3、数词是独立单词;13-19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。教你巧学巧记:巧记100内的基数词基数词不难记，找清规律很容易，十二以内词各异；十三数到十九去，后加-teen莫忘记。二十、三十至九十，整十之后有-ty；要说“几十几”，中间“-”号别丢弃，hundred是“一百”，请你记住莫大意。1.基数词的读法1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+hundred+and+后面的一位或两位数字。如:107one hundred and

4、 seven;765seven hundred and sixty-five。2)1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 几十thousand表示 几万，以 几百thousand表示 几十万，用 几十million表示 几千万，用几百million表示 几亿。如:13，789，653thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。教你巧学巧记:读数的诀窍有一首歌诀，

5、可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开， 一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。“从右向左三逗开，”，指从右向左把长数字每三位用逗号分开。如：10,000;225,430;51,000,000,000“一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二个逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。 “左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右，每三位三位地按三位数的读法读，遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。如：457four hundred a

6、nd fifty-seven102one hundred and two800eight hundred3,024three thousand and twenty-four2,007,009two million seven thousand and nine51,000,000,000fifty-one billion400,001four hundred thousand and one2.数词的复数形式大家知道，基数词和序数词一般都以单数形式出现，但在下面几种情况下却要用复数。1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三

7、十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指13岁至19岁。如:He died in his thirties.She is in her teens.2)表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用-s形式。如:.Great changes took place in the l970s.History has entered the eighties.3)表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousa

8、nd，hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用，表示大约多至“数以计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some，several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。如:Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.4)在分数中，当基数词(表示分子)大于one时，序数词(表示分母)要用复数，两者之间用不用连字符号均可。如:Two thirds of the teachers in

9、 our school are women.She has spent four-fifths of her money.5)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如:How many sevens are there in forty-nine?They arrived by twos and threes.他们三三两两的来了。Wait a minute.Ill be finished in two twos.请等一下，我马上就来3数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩 a two-thousand-word

10、article 一篇2千字的文章4当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。(二)序数词表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。1.序数词的构成规则1)基数词变为序数词一般是在基数词后加上“th”。例如:fourth，seventh，hundredth2)第一、第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third。3)从第四起均是在相应的基数词后加上“th”，但加“th

11、”时还须注意以下四点：eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”。以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。例如：fivefifth，twelvetwelfth十位整数(以-ty结尾)的序数词构成，是先将“y”改为“ie”，然后结尾再加上“th”。例如:twentytwentieth，thirtythirtieth从二十一起的“几十几”均只须变个位的基数词为序数词就行了。例如:twenty-twotwenty-secondforty-fourforty-fourthsixty-ninesixty-ninth教你

12、巧学巧记:基数词变序数词歌诀基数词变为序数词绝大多数是直接加-th，但有少数变化是不规则的。虽然不规则的少，但同学们却最容易弄错。如把fifth写成fiveth，把ninth写成nineth。记住下面这首歌诀可以使你们克服诸如此类的错误。基变序，很容易，结尾加上“th”。一二三特殊记，结尾各是t、d、d。八减t，九去e，f来把ve替，y改为“ie”，结尾仍有“th”。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。2.序数词前不用定冠词的情况1)表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如:l.He cast the net a second time.2.A thir

13、d bullet passed.2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如:l.He made his first set in an old box.2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einsteins fiftieth birthday.3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如:l.From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing.2.Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，

14、不用定冠词。如:l.There is a first-class hotel over there.2.He went to a second-hand bookshop.5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如：l.Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?2.First come，first served.6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如:1.at first 2.first of al1 3.from first to last二、数词用于编号表示编号，可以用基数词

15、，也可以用序数词，即:事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词;the+序数词十事物名词。如:Lesson Twelve=the Twelfth Lesson 第十二课Part Onethe First Part第一部分World War I=the First World War第一次世界大战如英语编号中数字较长，一般用基数词表示。如:Room 506 第五0六号房间 page 265 第二百六十五页Telephone NO.8297976 电话号码8297976三、小数、分数和百分数的表达方式高考试题传真China is _ larger than the United States. (1990，上

16、海)A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths_of the land in that district_covered with trees and grass.(2000,上海) A.two fifth;is B.two fifth;are C.two fifths;is D.two fifths;areKeys:B C1.小数点读作point,零读zero或nought。小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如：3.4three point four,0.2zero(nought)point two,0.03zero point z

17、ero three,3.458three point four five eight2.百分数由基数词后直接加percent(percent)构成。如:20%2Opercent(perdent) 3.分数由基数词 (分子)和序数词 (分母)合成。分子大于l时，表分母的序数词要用复数形式。如: 1/3one/a third 2/3two thirds但1/2一般用a/one half;1/4用a/one quarter或one fourth。教你巧学巧记:巧记分数表达法分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于“1”，分母加“-s”。带分数莫着急，前加整数就可以。分母若是“2”和“4”，half、quar

18、ter可代替。3.表示几分之几 (或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数 (或百分数)和人或物间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数须与of后的名词的数保持一致。如:One third of the students are girls.1/3的学生是女生。Sixty percent of her income wos spent on clothes.她收入的60%花在了服装上。但当表示人口的几分之几 (或百分之几)作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如:The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of it are farmers.

19、中国的人口众多，其中80%是农民。四、加减乘除的表示法1.加法的表达法如表达“几加几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词and/plus+基数词？”；如表达“几加几等于几”，可用“基数词and+基数词is基数词”。如：What/How much is seven and eight?7加8是多少？Seven and eight is fifiteen. 7加8等于15。2减法的表达法如表达“几减几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词minus+基数词？”；如表达“几减几等于几”，可用“基数词minus+基数词is基数词”。3.乘法的表达法如表达“几乘几是

20、多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词times+基数词？”；如表达“几乘几等于几”，可用“基数词times+基数词is基数词”。4.除法的表达法如表达“几除以几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词divided by+基数词？”；如表达“几除以几等于几”，可用“基数词divided by+基数词is基数词”。五、数量名词的单复数形式高考试题传真Two_died of cold last winter. (1988) A. hundreds old people B. hundred old peopleC. hundreds old peoples D.

21、hundred old peoplesShortly after the accident, two _ police were sent to the post to keep order. (1992) A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens ofMr. Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner party. (1992, 上海) A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozensKeys:B C

22、A (一)hundred，thousand，million的用法1.当前面有数词以及many，several等词修饰时，这三个词用单数形式，后面直接跟复数名词。如:two hundred students 200名学生several thousand enemies 几千敌人2.当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时，则一定要用复数形式，表示数百、 数千等笼统的数目概念。如:hundreds of dollars 数百美元millions of ants 数百万蚂蚁教你巧学巧记:巧用hundred等数词hundred，thousand，million等数词当表示具体数字时后无s和of，应说fiv

23、e hundred，three thousand，或six million等，而表示不明确数字时则说:hundreds of 数百个，thousands of数千个，成千上万，millions of 数百万。但同学们在使用时常会出错，如:two hundreds，five thousands of等，为了避免误用，可记住下面口决:hundred，thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。清时无s和of，糊时s和of跟。(二)score(二十)，dozen (打; 十二个)的用法dozen1)当dozen与基数词或many,several等连用时，不加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of。

24、 two dozen books 两打书two (many,several)dozen pencils 两打（几打）铅笔但是，在a dozen of these people,two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在these,those,us等词前该用dozen of的缘故。2）some dozen people是“若干打的人（几十个人，许多人）”。scorescore意为“二十”。two score of people中应加of，但three score and ten people，“70人”中不加of。scores of people意为“许多人”。上述这两

25、个词的复数形式与of连用时，表示不确切的数量，意为许多，大量的。如:for dozens of years 好几十年以来scores of years ago 许多年前scores of times 许多次六、时间的表达法1.用数字表达法来表示几点几分时，分钟数在后，并且不可使用quarter,half。如：8:15 eight fifteen(不能说：eight a quarter)10:30 ten thirty(不能说：ten half)2.使用介词past表示“几点过几分”，用to表示“几点差几分”时，分钟数放在介词前。如：11:25 twenty-five past eleven(=

26、eleven twenty-five)6:40 twenty to seven(=six forty)3.past,to前的分钟应小于三十分钟（如果正好是三十分，应用half）。如：5:55 five to six=five fifty-five(不能说：fifty-five past five)5:30 half past five=five thirty(不能说：thirty past five或five half)教你巧学巧记:巧说“时间”同学们可以利用下列口诀来巧记妙学英语中的时间表达法。数字说法时后分，quarter,half不可用。如果出现past,to，分钟在前记心中。past过

27、，差几分to，分钟小于三十分。 说明：解释见上述相应的序号。巩固性练习：1.-Have you seen_workers pass by? -Yes，Ive seen_them.A. woman;hundreds of B. women;hundreds ofC. woman;two hundred of D. women;hundreds2.Having done three experiments without rest，they were_out to go on with_one.A. so tired;a fourth B. so tiring ;the fourthC. too

28、given;the fourth D. too worn;a fourth3.-Whats the date today?-Its _.A. Sunday B. August the ninthC. the first of May D. October fifth4.Hainan is _ island.A. Chinas second largest B. the Chinas second largestC. the second Chinas largest D. Chinas the second largest5.In her _she began to take up writi

29、ng.A. forties B. fourties C. fortieth D fourtieth6._summer olympics was held in Barcelona in SpainA. The Twenty-four B. Twenty-fourC. The Twenty-forth D. Twenty-fourth7.The Sao Paulo fire broke out _February 4th，1974.A. in B. on C. at D. for8.-How many new jobs can you give to the people here?-Three

30、 _ and _.A. hundred; eighty-six B. hundreds; eighty-sixC. hundred; eighty-sixth D. hundreds; eighty-sixth9.-What time did finish your homework yesterday?-_seven oclock _ the afternoon.A. On；in B. At；on C. At；in C. On；at10.“Please turn to _ and look at the text.”A. Page 29 B. the page 29 C. a page 29 D. 29 page11.He lives in _. A. Room 512 B.512 Room C. the 512 Room D. the Room 51212.-How long is the bridge? -700_. A. meter long B. meters lo