新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit8课文语法讲解.docx

1、新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit8课文语法讲解新视野三版 读写B2 U8 Text AAnimals or children? A scientists choice1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a childrens doctor because of

2、 my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children health

3、y thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.2 My accusers have twisted the truth int

4、o a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine.Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, a

5、nd publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.3 We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We have allowed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of animal fraud and hatre

6、d. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument. Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by

7、waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds.4 In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature. A more rea

8、sonable argument, however, can be advanced in our defense. Life is often cruel to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something el

9、se. Fromeveryday germs to gang violence, no life is free of pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments

10、will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward.5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice, claiming that computer models can create animal experiments, thus omitting actual experiments. Computer

11、s can imitate the effects of well-understood principles on complex systems, as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study, computer

12、modeling alone is of little value.6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact will not be felt for years or even decades. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and funda

13、mental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries. There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protesters while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions

14、 will not be apparent until long after.7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the agony of watching ones child die has become a rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative. Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease, high blood pressure a

15、nd stroke are all based on animal research. Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so much disease, as well as the development of synthetic organs are p

16、resently undergoing animal studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted.8 In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence. As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen their parents infinit

17、e grief, I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying humanbeings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means.9 Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel tre

18、atment of animals. The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tr

19、agedy that will cost many lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.Language Points：1 Animals or children? A scientists choice (Title)Meaning: A scientist is now facing two choices: in favor of animal

20、s or children.2 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. (Para. 1)Meaning: I am the enemythe one who is condemned as a cold-hearted physician scientist doing animal rese

21、arch. These rumors make me upset as Ive never considered myself as being evil.Meaning beyond words: The physicians ironic tone in the sentences well reflects his indignation and anger at the animal rights activists.3 I became a childrens doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire t

22、o keep them healthy. (Para. 1)Meaning: My love for children and strong desire to keep them healthy drove me to be a childrens doctor.Usage note: supreme, superior, super, superbsupreme, superior, super, superb 都是形容词，且词形相近。它们都没有比较级，也没有最高级， 但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。1 supreme 基本词义表示“（程度）最大的，最高的，极度的”，一般用在名词前作定语，修饰

23、名词，其副词是 supremely，表示“极度地；极其”，常用于强调不好的品质。例如： The Supreme Commander was in bad temper as the task for him had changed abruptly and fundamentally. 最高指挥官很生气，因为他的任务突然彻底地改变了。2 superior 表示“更好的；更强的；更有效的”，明显含有“好 ”的意思。例如：A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shop

24、s. 几年前, 几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。superior 后可以接介词 to，表示 “比更好的/更强的/更有效的”，在句中一般用作表语或后置定语。例如：For all babies, breastfeeding is far superior to bottlefeeding. 对于所有的婴儿，母乳喂养都远远优于奶瓶喂养。We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。superior 也可以用作名词，指“上级；上司；长官”

25、，其反义词为 inferior。superior 不能用作副词。3 super 表示“极好的；了不起的”，能兼用作副词表示“极其；非常”。例如：They have gained market leadership by selling products that were of super quality. 通过销售高质量的产品，他们已获得了市场的领导地位。Lee is very straightforward, super honest and he always knows what he is talking about.李非常直爽，且超级诚实，他总是知道自己在说什么。（super 用作

26、副词）“Did you enjoy the film?” “Yes, I thought it was super.” “你喜欢这个电影吗？” “我喜欢，我认为它超棒的。”4 superb 的词义与 super 相同，表示“极好的；出色的；卓越的”，superb 在句中不仅可以作定语，也可以作表语，其副词是 superbly。例如：The fact is that the telephone service is superb here, as is compared to postal service. 事实是，与邮政服务相比，这儿的电话服务是一流的。I am highly aware of

27、 the superb reputation of your school. 我非常了解你们学校极佳的声誉。4 During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injurycircumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to

28、 advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. (Para. 1)Meaning: When I was studying at a medical school and being trained at a hospital, I saw many children die of cancer and shed blood fro

29、m injury situations that modern medicine, though has advanced a lot, is notable to completely handle. On the other hand, I saw children healthy because of the medical achievements such as infant breathing support and so forth.Meaning beyond words: The comparison and contrast between the cases of chi

30、ldren he witnessed effectively illustrates the importance and necessity of animal research.5 My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. (Para.1)Meaning: My doing medical research was driven by my priority to keep children healthy and happy.6 My accus

31、ers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. (Para. 2)Meaning: Those who accuse me of having no moral stand

32、ards distorted the truth into a legendary story where I am depicted as a monster that tortures innocent animals only for my career advancement and my experiments have nothing to do with medicine.Meaning beyond words: The parallel structure of “that” clause evidently strengthens the angry tone of the physician and it obviously is a plus when arguing for ones viewpoint.7 Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. (Pa