高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十三主旨大意段落大意题优选习题1216355.docx

1、高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十三主旨大意段落大意题优选习题1216355十三、主旨大意段落大意题(2018江苏，B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup，Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roz

2、e as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was

3、served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt fe

4、el fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on so

5、me Mozart(莫扎特).When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect

6、 to discourage spending“bad” tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables，” given that theyre profitable.As for crowd

7、s，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素餐具、灯光、听觉要素音乐、嗅觉要素气味、其他要素桌位、拥挤程

8、度和价格。本文旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第

9、三段中的“.those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller.”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的none the wiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选A项。59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lem

10、on scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more就是对题干中make more profit的语意转化。故选A项。60.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more custom

11、ers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案D解析段落大意题。根据最后一段首句中的“things that you might expect to discourage spendingbadtables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily”可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不

12、利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见观点是一种误解，故选D项。一、题型解读段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有：(1)What does the last paragraph talk about?(2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is .(3)What is the main idea of the first paragraph?(4)The first paragraph is mainly about .二、解题技巧“首尾

13、兼顾”知段意(1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾(3)段中间：先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节，即引出主题段落中心再论述(4)没有明显段落中心时，需概括段落内容，总结段落中心例如：【真题感悟】 中第60题，根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等

14、不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。A“Its expensive to be poor.” I heard the last words of my interview with CNNs Don Lemon as if someone else were speaking them.July 9,2014 was my 32nd birthday.I was supposed to be out with friends，having found the rare babysitter for my twins.Instead，

15、I was on national television.It wasnt right；it wasnt me.I was the mommy blogger who sometimes did funny things that attained a few thousand hits to my blog or Facebook page.Now I had television and literary agents calling me.People were thinking this thing was worth money.When my essay about driving

16、 to a food bank in my husbands Mercedes went famous，people immediately started heralding(宣称) me as an “overnight success”.It was true in its way.The success itself was overnight.What people dont realize is that the luck of going famous was based on a mountain of hard work，on years of effort.Theres a

17、 frustrating truth to success in the Internet age：In order for your work to reach an audience，someone with power has to give it a chance，and in order for someone with power to give it a chance，it has to have an audience.And before any of that can happen，you have to believe in yourself enough to keep

18、 going even when all you get in return is rejection.Just as I was about to give up：Boom! Suddenly，one piece out of thousands finally hit.But even with the Mercedes food bank essay，it wasnt an easy sell.Id written that piece months before and sent it to every place I could think of.Radio silence，The

19、Washington Post itself rejected me.Eventually The Post sent it along to its new online section PostEverything.And it got noticed.Within hours of hitting the site，it became PostEverythings top story.The Washington Post moved it to the main page，where it became the No.1 story of the day，then of the mo

20、nth，then of the year.It now stands as The Posts most read story in its history，according to my editor there.I just keep reminding myself that the way of the Internet success is：belief in yourself，someone in power giving you a chance，and audience participation.Now，a month after the original post，I ha

21、ve redoubled my writing efforts，using my 15-minute fame to get my essay seen by larger publications.1.What can we learn from the passage?A.CNN is the first media that found the authors essay.B.The author who was born in 1982 must be good at writing.C.People think what the author writes is the thing

22、that they want in their life.D.The author asked others to look after her twins to take part in a birthday party.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“July 9,2014 was my 32nd birthday.”及下文“When my essay about driving to a food bank in my husbands Mercedes went famous，people immediately started heralding(宣称) me as an ov

23、ernight success.”可以判断作者出生于1982年，由于自己写的一篇文章而出名，故可推断出作者擅长写作。2.Whats the basic element in getting success in the authors opinion?A.A good quantity of great efforts.B.A great amount of good luck.C.Topics suitable for the public.D.Modern Internet technique.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What people dont realize is t

24、hat the luck of going famous was based on a mountain of hard work，on years of effort.”可知人们不知道的是，成名的运气是建立在艰苦奋斗的基础上的，作者认为成名需要大量的努力和付出。3.It can be inferred that the Mercedes food bank essay .A.was the authors first essayB.was first recognized by RadioC.appeared on The Washington Post easilyD.also recei

25、ved many rejections答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可以判断在这篇文章出名前遭到了许多的拒绝。4.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 5?A.Why the authors essay got No.1 in The Washington Post history.B.How the authors essay got No.1 in The Washington Post history.C.What edition the authors essay appeared on The Washington Post.D.Where the

26、authors essay first appeared.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第五段的内容可知本段主要描述的是作者在华盛顿邮报史上的第一篇文章是如何成为No.1的。5.What kind of person does the author belong to?A.A person with luck and courage.B.A person with good communication technique.C.A person with confidence and effort.D.A person with effort and wealth.答案C解析推理判断题。根据作者的成

27、名之路及最后一段的描述“belief in yourself，someone in power giving you a chance，and audience participation.Now，a month after the original post，I have redoubled my writing efforts，using my 15-minute fame to get my essay seen by larger publications.”可知作者是一名非常自信并非常勤奋和努力的作家。BHow frustrating is it when a pipe bursts

28、，and you have to wait hours for a worker to come and replace or repair it？How about standing helplessly on the side of the road with a flat tire？Or when your little kids plastic train breaks apart?Researchers at the CIDETECCentre for Electrochemical Technologies in San Sebastian，Spain，may have just

29、created a quick fix for all of these headaches.They created a polymer called “Terminator”，which can bind itself back together even after being sliced.Natural polymers are everywhere.They make up the shells that protect small sea creatures such as lobsters and shrimps.Theyre in the silk blouse your g

30、randmother so loves and the DNA that makes you.In nature，many polymers heal themselves when broken or sliced.Think of your skin when you have a small cutas the two sides of the cut bind back together，you can see a self-healing polymer in action.Synthetic，or man-made，polymers are just as common.Scien

31、tists started creating nylon and synthetic rubber to make up for the shortage of silk and rubber during World War . PVC，polyester and many forms of plastic soon followed.As much as synthetic polymers imitate natural polymers，theyve always lacked one important feature，the ability to heal themselvesun

32、til now.“Terminator is the first man-made self-healing polymer，” the Spanish scientists reported in the Sept.13 issue of the journal Materials Horizons.In the research lab，the researchers cut the polymer in half with a knife.Then they made the two halves touch each other and allowed them to stand at room temperature，without applying any pressure.“Terminator” started self-healing within