高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十三主旨大意段落大意题优选习题1216355.docx
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高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十三主旨大意段落大意题优选习题1216355
十三、主旨大意——段落大意题
（2018·江苏，B）
Inthe1760s，MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.
Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：
dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.
Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad：
thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.
Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：
putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：
dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon，ornoscent.
Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables，”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰·罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：
视觉要素餐具、灯光、听觉要素音乐、嗅觉要素气味、其他要素桌位、拥挤程度和价格。
本文旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。
58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.
A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual
B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers
C.notconsciousofthefoodquality
D.notfondofthefoodprovided
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第三段中的“...thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。
故选A项。
59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?
A.Playingclassicalmusic.
B.Introducinglemonscent.
C.Makingthelightbrighter.
D.Usingplatesoflargersize.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。
spentmore就是对题干中makemoreprofit的语意转化。
故选A项。
60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.
B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.
D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。
根据最后一段首句中的“thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily”可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此（指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加）。
由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见观点是一种误解，故选D项。
一、题型解读
段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。
设问形式常有：
（1）Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
（2）Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.
（3）Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?
（4）Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.
二、解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意
↓
（1）段首：
说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句
↓
（2）段尾：
先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾
↓
↓
（3）段中间：
先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，再陈述主题，再论述细节，即引出主题→段落中心→再论述
↓
（4）没有明显段落中心时，需概括段落内容，总结段落中心
例如：
【真题感悟】中第60题，根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：
不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。
A
“It’sexpensivetobepoor.”IheardthelastwordsofmyinterviewwithCNN’sDonLemonasifsomeoneelsewerespeakingthem.July9,2014wasmy32ndbirthday.Iwassupposedtobeoutwithfriends，havingfoundtherarebabysitterformytwins.Instead，Iwasonnationaltelevision.
Itwasn’tright；itwasn’tme.IwasthemommybloggerwhosometimesdidfunnythingsthatattainedafewthousandhitstomyblogorFacebookpage.NowIhadtelevisionandliteraryagentscallingme.Peoplewerethinkingthisthingwasworthmoney.
Whenmyessayaboutdrivingtoafoodbankinmyhusband’sMercedeswentfamous，peopleimmediatelystartedheralding（宣称）measan“overnightsuccess”.Itwastrueinitsway.Thesuccessitselfwasovernight.Whatpeopledon’trealizeisthattheluckofgoingfamouswasbasedonamountainofhardwork，onyearsofeffort.There’safrustratingtruthtosuccessintheInternetage：
Inorderforyourworktoreachanaudience，someonewithpowerhastogiveitachance，andinorderforsomeonewithpowertogiveitachance，ithastohaveanaudience.
Andbeforeanyofthatcanhappen，youhavetobelieveinyourselfenoughtokeepgoingevenwhenallyougetinreturnisrejection.JustasIwasabouttogiveup：
Boom!
Suddenly，onepieceoutofthousandsfinallyhit.ButevenwiththeMercedesfoodbankessay，itwasn’taneasysell.I’dwrittenthatpiecemonthsbeforeandsentittoeveryplaceIcouldthinkof.Radiosilence，TheWashingtonPostitselfrejectedme.
EventuallyThePostsentitalongtoitsnewonlinesectionPostEverything.Anditgotnoticed.Withinhoursofhittingthesite，itbecamePostEverything’stopstory.TheWashingtonPostmovedittothemainpage，whereitbecametheNo.1storyoftheday，thenofthemonth，thenoftheyear.ItnowstandsasThePost’smostreadstoryinitshistory，accordingtomyeditorthere.
IjustkeepremindingmyselfthatthewayoftheInternetsuccessis：
beliefinyourself，someoneinpowergivingyouachance，andaudienceparticipation.Now，amonthaftertheoriginalpost，Ihaveredoubledmywritingefforts，usingmy15-minutefametogetmyessayseenbylargerpublications.
1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.CNNisthefirstmediathatfoundtheauthor’sessay.
B.Theauthorwhowasbornin1982mustbegoodatwriting.
C.Peoplethinkwhattheauthorwritesisthethingthattheywantintheirlife.
D.Theauthoraskedotherstolookafterhertwinstotakepartinabirthdayparty.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“July9,2014wasmy32ndbirthday.”及下文“Whenmyessayaboutdrivingtoafoodbankinmyhusband’sMercedeswentfamous，peopleimmediatelystartedheralding（宣称）measan‘overnightsuccess’.”可以判断作者出生于1982年，由于自己写的一篇文章而出名，故可推断出作者擅长写作。
2.What’sthebasicelementingettingsuccessintheauthor’sopinion?
A.Agoodquantityofgreatefforts.
B.Agreatamountofgoodluck.
C.Topicssuitableforthepublic.
D.ModernInternettechnique.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Whatpeopledon’trealizeisthattheluckofgoingfamouswasbasedonamountainofhardwork，onyearsofeffort.”可知人们不知道的是，成名的运气是建立在艰苦奋斗的基础上的，作者认为成名需要大量的努力和付出。
3.ItcanbeinferredthattheMercedesfoodbankessay.
A.wastheauthor’sfirstessay
B.wasfirstrecognizedbyRadio
C.appearedonTheWashingtonPosteasily
D.alsoreceivedmanyrejections
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段内容可以判断在这篇文章出名前遭到了许多的拒绝。
4.What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?
A.Whytheauthor’sessaygotNo.1inTheWashingtonPosthistory.
B.Howtheauthor’sessaygotNo.1inTheWashingtonPosthistory.
C.Whateditiontheauthor’sessayappearedonTheWashingtonPost.
D.Wheretheauthor’sessayfirstappeared.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。
根据第五段的内容可知本段主要描述的是作者在《华盛顿邮报史》上的第一篇文章是如何成为No.1的。
5.Whatkindofpersondoestheauthorbelongto?
A.Apersonwithluckandcourage.
B.Apersonwithgoodcommunicationtechnique.
C.Apersonwithconfidenceandeffort.
D.Apersonwitheffortandwealth.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据作者的成名之路及最后一段的描述“beliefinyourself，someoneinpowergivingyouachance，andaudienceparticipation.Now，amonthaftertheoriginalpost，Ihaveredoubledmywritingefforts，usingmy15-minutefametogetmyessayseenbylargerpublications.”可知作者是一名非常自信并非常勤奋和努力的作家。
B
Howfrustratingisitwhenapipebursts，andyouhavetowaithoursforaworkertocomeandreplaceorrepairit？
Howaboutstandinghelplesslyonthesideoftheroadwithaflattire？
Orwhenyourlittlekid’splastictrainbreaksapart?
ResearchersattheCIDETEC—CentreforElectrochemicalTechnologiesinSanSebastian，Spain，mayhavejustcreatedaquickfixforalloftheseheadaches.Theycreatedapolymercalled“Terminator”，whichcanbinditselfbacktogetherevenafterbeingsliced.
Naturalpolymersareeverywhere.Theymakeuptheshellsthatprotectsmallseacreaturessuchaslobstersandshrimps.They’reinthesilkblouseyourgrandmothersolovesandtheDNAthatmakesyou.Innature，manypolymershealthemselveswhenbrokenorsliced.Thinkofyourskinwhenyouhaveasmallcut—asthetwosidesofthecutbindbacktogether，youcanseeaself-healingpolymerinaction.
Synthetic，orman-made，polymersarejustascommon.ScientistsstartedcreatingnylonandsyntheticrubbertomakeupfortheshortageofsilkandrubberduringWorldWarⅡ.PVC，polyesterandmanyformsofplasticsoonfollowed.Asmuchassyntheticpolymersimitatenaturalpolymers，they’vealwayslackedoneimportantfeature，theabilitytohealthemselves—untilnow.
“‘Terminator’isthefirstman-madeself-healingpolymer，”theSpanishscientistsreportedintheSept.13issueofthejournalMaterialsHorizons.
Intheresearchlab，theresearcherscutthepolymerinhalfwithaknife.Thentheymadethetwohalvestoucheachotherandallowedthemtostandatroomtemperature，withoutapplyinganypressure.
“Terminator”startedself-healingwithin
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