PREP cr1详解3M修改版.docx

1、PREP cr1详解3M修改版Practice Test #1 Critical Reasoning (72 Questions)1. (24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)Although fullerenes-spherical molecules made entirely of carbon-were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laborat

2、ory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earths crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.Which of the following, if true, most

3、seriously undermines the argument?推理过程：fullerenes在实验室和自然环境中都存在 因为laboratory synthesis of fullerenes要求distinctive conditions，因此可以用来推断自然中形成fullerenes的地壳的状态。推理是由实验可以推自然状态，答案一定要讲实验和自然联系到一起(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.只是说确定自然中含有fullerenes需要认

4、真实验，属于说东道西(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.说别的东西上也有fullerenes和文章推理无关，属于无关新变量(其实B选项改一下就可以是正确答案：fullerenes can also be found on the remains of meteorites,在外星形成，跟地球无关)只是说相撞，没说掉到地球上的陨石，更不清楚这个meteorite是不是地球飞出来的(C) The mineral shu

5、ngite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.只是说fullerenes怎样形成的，没有把实验和自然建立联系，属于说东道西(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.正确，关键词unknown说明在实验室是不可知的，所以无法用实验推自然，虽然都是S，但是两个S不同，所以属于否定A型削弱(E) Shungite

6、itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.文章说fullerenes，Shungite只是fullerenes存在的一个载体，和结论无关属于说东道西2. (24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantl

7、y reduce an elderly persons chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.老年人摔跤治疗要花费$11,000，有一个项目可以减少摔跤机会，但是要花费$12,500，所以这个项目并不好文章推理：因为项目成本高，所以不好Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the con

8、clusion of the argument?(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.比较参加项目时间长短，和推理无关，属于搭错车，无关比较(B) Falls resulting in se

9、rious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.把不同地方的老年人对比，和成本无关，属于无关比较(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs

10、 of emergency treatment for elderly peoples injuries from such falls.正确说到了关键点cost，之前的$11,000中并不包含治疗疼痛的医疗费，如果加上可能成本会更高超过参加项目。他因反对结论(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderl

11、y person will have a serious fall.只是说过度的medication可以导致不协调造成更多的摔跤，并且这个项目关注medication以外的东西。属于模凌两可，因为不知道medication以外的东西是不是就是好的。这个选项具有迷惑性 (E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increas

12、e more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.费用可能还会涨，是属于support3. (24275-!-item-!-188;#058&000768)The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more

13、litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.Voles秋冬季的家庭规模大，春秋季家庭规模

14、要小，原因是幼鼠季节性的死亡文章推理：幼鼠季节性死亡导致春秋家庭规模小Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.文章讨论幼鼠的数量和家庭规模的关系，和幼鼠的百分比无关，说东道西(B) Prairie vo

15、le populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.只是简单重复前提，和幼鼠无关，重复前提(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.加强无效，首先和幼鼠死亡无关，并且只说春季没有提到秋季。无关他因(D) Winters in the prairie voles habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well bel

16、ow freezing.说东道西，结论要推幼鼠死亡和春秋季家庭规模的关系，和冬季无关，也属于偷换集合(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.正确，他因直接加强结论4. (24323-!-item-!-188;#058&000813)A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several tim

17、es a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.背景环境是海滩上有喂养海豚项目。结果，成年海豚健康长寿但

18、是小海豚寿命比野生喂养短Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where

19、dolphins congregate.in many other areas of the open seas并没有把海滩独立出来，并且鲨鱼应该会对成年海豚也有影响。不能解释矛盾，并且文章并没有标明feed exclusively in the wild.就是open seas off the beach，属于无关比较(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.并不能说明小海豚死亡率高，也没有进行核野外的比较，说东道西(C) The fis

20、h given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.无差别更应该相同，架桥错误(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.和一个月几次没有关系，没有进行比较，说东道西(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much l

21、ess time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.正确，解释了成年海豚和小海豚之间的一个关系，并且和野外联系在一起5. (24371-!-item-!-188;#058&000859)Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island. Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attack

22、ed tourists swimming and surfing at Tenares beaches. This has hurt Tenares tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues. In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the

23、 beaches.因为虎鲨吃人，所以影响了旅游业，旅游业是继渔业的第二收入来源，为了恢复经济，所以要在海滩附近灭鲨。文章推理：通过海滩灭鲨来保护经济Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayors proposal will have the desired consequence?(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches

24、 are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.not all the tiger sharks有偷换概念，反对前提的嫌疑，并且不是削弱(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.和经济所有者是否付钱无关，说东道西(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the

25、 island features a number of other tourist attractions.和旅游者的目的没有关系，没有和经济挂钩，说东道西(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the islands fisheries.正确，说虎鲨吃掉小鲨鱼，小鲨鱼吃鱼，这些鱼也是经济基础，如果没有了虎鲨也就没有了鱼。他因反对结论(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy sw

26、imming or surfing.和旅行者的喜好无关，说东道西6. (24419-!-item-!-188;#058&000892)The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples. Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan t

27、o sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.E不会进口苹果，因为E的消费者选择E自己的独特的苹果的特点。而K想要在E销售K种植的苹果。他们通过降价使得K苹果成为很好的替代品。文章推理：降价推出有市场Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of

28、 the plan by Kosolias apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.结论讨论价格和市场的关系，跟E苹果的来源无关。说东道西(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits

29、and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.无关比较，和在苹果上花多少钱无关(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.At times in the past时间概念错误，文章讨论现在，和以前无关，并且和是否曾经出口也无关，结论讨论价格(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year,

30、whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.有加强的嫌疑，K生产多，可以降价，E生产少，没有降价的空间。(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are so

31、ld.正确，E的苹果也可以降价，所以K的降价无效果。断桥7. (24651-!-item-!-188;#058&001089)As part of major renovations to Flowertowns Main Street train station, consultants to the train company proposed moving the stations entrance from its current valuable Main Street location to a low-rent adjoining side street and then lea

32、sing the high-rent entrance space to retail businesses. In that way, the train company could easily pay for those and all other proposed renovations without negative impact on its tight budget.火车站要改革，咨询建议将入口从昂贵的中心街道转移到租金较为便宜的交叉路口，并且把中心街道租出去变成零售部，这样可以更容易的支付，并且不用对票价影响文章推理：地点转移可以带来经济效益Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the consultants proposal?(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining si