四级综合讲义word.docx

1、四级综合讲义word大学英语综合讲义主讲：卢根文章特点：完型文章特点（一） 文章为总分结构，首句暗示文体和难易程度（二） 文章主题和学生生活紧密相连（三） 长文容易，短文难（四） 文章开头结尾容易，中间难选项特点：一、实词：虚词=3:1近义词，形近词，不相关的词：空白的：blank, vacant, bare, hollow表示意义重大的：significant, heavy, common, seriousentire, total, full, complete表示损坏、损伤：injure, ruin, destroy, damage与展示有关：display, discover, exh

2、ibit, revealsealconcealrevealreservation, retreat, replacement, recoveryinform, inquire, insure, instructproceed, produce, pronounce, progressensure, assure, require, requestcombine, contain, define, declare不相关的词：consumer, businessman, retailer, manufacturerlocate, discover, reveal, identifyaccount,

3、 measure, estimate, evaluatefacility, capacity, reflection, intention词的特点：二、单词相同线索在句内，单词不同线索在句外三、形近词题、介词题先做；连词题、副词题后做（插入语不读，定语成分不读，状语成分不读）四、答案总在相似中五、倾向于选四级核心词六、简单词考搭配七、高频前缀a-, com-/con-, de-, dis-, in-, re-八、正确答案平均分布做题步骤：一、细读首句，把握主旨二、精读文章，按段做题三、先易后难，初选答案四、重读原文，核实答案真题讲解：Historians tend to tell the sa

4、me joke when they are describing history education in America. Its the one _61_ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door_62_goodbye to students for the summer and calling_63_them, By the way, we won World War II. 61. A) about B) in C) for D) by 62. A) shaking B) waving C) nodding D) speaking 63.

5、A) in B) after C) for D) up The problem with the joke, of course, is that its_64_funny. The recent surveys on_65_ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊) nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 66_ which countries the United States_67_against in that war. 64. A) rarely B) so C) too

6、 D) not 65. A) historical B) educational C) cultural D) political 66. A) distinguish B) acknowledge C) identify D) convey 67. A) defeated B) attacked C) fought D) struckOne third have no _68_ when the Declaration of Independence was _69_. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750.

7、Two thirds cannot correctly _70_the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _71_ when they get the answers right, some are _72_ guessing. 68. A) sense B) doubt C) reason D) idea 69. A) printed B) signed C) marked D) edited 70. A) place B) judge C) get D) lock 71. A) Even B) Though C) Thus D) So 72. A) hard

8、ly B) just C) still D) ever Unlike math or science, ignorance of history&n, bsp;cannot be 73 connected to loss of international_74_ . But it does affect our future _75_ a democratic nation and as individuals. 73. A) exclusively B) practically C) shortly D) directly 74. A) competitiveness B) comprehe

9、nsion C) community D) commitment 75. A) of B) for C) with D) asThe _76_news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the _78_of history and what needs to be _79_to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) _80_yet to be felt in most classrooms. 76. A) fine B) nice C) surprising D) good

10、77. A) to B) with C) on D) of 78. A) consulting B) coaching C) teaching D) instructing 79. A) done B) dealt C) met D) reached 80. A) therefore B) or C) and D) as 观察词根词缀：en前缀词：encourage, enlarge, enrich, enforce, ensure, encloseencounter, entitle, endure, enhance, engage, enlighten, embrace, embarras

11、sover前缀词：overpass, overlap, overflow, overcome, overtake, overlook, OTC, overhead, overprotect, overcharge, overdraw, overload, overrate, overstateoverwhelmad前缀词：ad-adapt, advisable, adverse, adequate, adolescent, administrate, adverb, admire, admirable, adore, admit, adopt, adjust, advance, advanta

12、ge, advocatea前缀词：accelerate, abbreviate, accommodate, accuse, arrange, affection, appetite, aggressive, arrogant, apparent, alleviate, relieve, associate, attain, assess, allege, attribute, arrest, appreciate, appropriate, approximately根据词性组词：近义词（一）：transform: Id like to transform（=change） my life.e

13、xaggerate: exaggerate(=overstate) the truthjustify: justify my behaviordignify: I would not dignify such a insulting question with a response.近义词（二）：与工具有关的：tool（小工具）, appliance（家用电器）, apparatus(大型工具), instrument（精密仪器）, implement（非电驱动的农业用具）, equipment（装备）, facility（公共场所的设施）, utility（功能，效用）与声音有关的：voic

14、e（人的声音）, utterance（vocal expression,嘴的发声）, speech(包括人和动物的声音), sound（自然界的声音）, pronunciation（发音，语言学中的概念）表示情况、事件：incident（突发事件）, event(大的事件), occasion, situation, condition, circumstances（后4个词意思基本相同）表示情况、事件extent（程度）, level（级别，水平）, rank（秩序）, range(范围), scope（范围）, field（科研领域）, district, region(后2个词表示行政区

15、域)方法：way, method, approach, means（4个词基本相同）与源泉有关的：origin（起源）, source（来源）与结果有关的：result（结果）, consequence（后果，often bad result）与“活着的”有关的：alive（表语形容词, he is alive）, living（定语形容词，a living man）, live(现场直播的), lively(活跃的)表示相似的：same（the same）, similar, alike, identical（非常相似的，一模一样的）表示正确的：accurate（物理概念上的“准确”）, e

16、xact（事实的准确）, definite, precise（后3个单词意思相同）近义词（三）：表示确保：insure, ensure, assureThe assistant assured the manager of his loyalty.He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.表示几乎不：hardly, barely, scarcely, merely(除“几乎不”外，还有仅仅的意思), rarely, seldom1. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los

17、 Angeles_.A. is rarelyB. rarely is C. hardly isD. is scarcely2. Only 1% of the education budget is _ spent on the oldest third of the population.A. currentlyB. barelyC. anxiouslyD. heavily3. But now he uses_ subways and trains. “Its not inconvenient at all,” he says.A. mostlyB. partiallyC. occasiona

18、llyD. rarely4. The air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a _ to get a fresh, clean_ of the world.A. space B. period C. chance D. spotA. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue5. It can be said that foreign_ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also_ problems of

19、adjustment both for the university and for the individual.A. situation B. circumstance C. background D. conditionA.carries B. creates C. emerges D. solves 6. The foreign research scholar usually isolates_ in the laboratory as a means of protection.A. himselfB. oneselfC. himD. one7. This is thought t

20、o be a_ where further study is called_.A. scope B. range C. field D.districtA.on B.for C.upon D.at8. Theres a_ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children the grade they deserve.A. drop B.short C. cut D.lack A. acquire B.earn C.gather D. reach 近义词（四）：1. Many experts believe parents should

21、 gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their _. But “you dont want them to feel it has to be _,” she says. Thats not to say parents should _ homework.A. exercises B. defect C. mistakes D. tests A. perfect B. better C. unusual D. completeA. forget B. refuse C. miss D.

22、ignore2. If your child _ has more homework than this, you may want to check _ other parents and then talk to the teacher about _ assignments.A. previously B. rarely C. merely D. consistentlyA. with B. in C. out D. upA. finishing B. lowering C. reducing D. declining3. A language is a signaling system

23、 which operates with symbolic vocal sounds, and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of_ communication.A. classification B. definition C. function D. perception4. Lets look at this _ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, _ distinguishes man from the rest of th

24、e _ world.A. classification B. definition C. function D. perceptionA. that B. it C. as D. whatA. native B. human C. physical D. animal5. Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by _ of cries: for example, many birds utter _ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter _ cries, such

25、 as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.A. ways B. means C. methods D. approachesA. mating B. exciting C. warning D. boringA. identical B. exciting C. different D. unfamiliar6. Students feel _ with things-as-they-are in the classroom. Professors should be _ from reading lecture notes.A. satisfac

26、tory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfiedA. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted7. “It makes their _ monotonous.” If they are going to read, why not _ out copies of the lecture. Then we _ need to go to class.A. sounds B. pronunciation C. voices D. gesturesA. hold B. give C

27、. drop D. leaveA. mustnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt8. Professors should _ repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook.A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit9. Human brains are the _.No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brain

28、s will _ in size, but this occurs within every race.A. same B. identical C. similar D. alikeA. remain B. increase C. decrease D. vary10. Mental tests which are reasonably _ show no differences in intelligence between races.A. true B. exact C. certain D. accurate11. That “something special” was men-c

29、reative individuals who could invent machines, findnew _ of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.A. origins B. discoveries C. base D. sources12. Forcing yourself to recall _ never helps because it doesnt _ your memory.A. merely B. almost C. barely D. hardlyA. loosen B. weak

30、en C. decrease D. reduce13. They expect students _ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference _ in the library.A. particularly B. essentially C. obviously D. rarelyA. selections B. collections C. sources D. origins 14. Professors will help students who need it, but _ that their students

31、should not be _ dependent on them.A. hate B. dislike C. like D. preferA. too B. such C. much D. more介词用法：vt.的介词搭配（一）：subj+vt+obj+(prep) obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)astonish：He astonishes us all with his genius. subj+vt+obj+(prep) We are astonished by his genius. obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)fascinate: Her beauty fascinates us most. subj+vt+obj+(prep)We are fascinated by her beauty. obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)oblige:The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees. She w