四级综合讲义word.docx
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四级综合讲义word
大学英语综合讲义
主讲:
卢根
文章特点:
完型文章特点
(一)文章为总分结构,首句暗示文体和难易程度
(二)文章主题和学生生活紧密相连
(三)长文容易,短文难
(四)文章开头结尾容易,中间难
选项特点:
一、实词:
虚词=3:
1
近义词,形近词,不相关的词:
空白的:
blank,vacant,bare,hollow
表示意义重大的:
significant,heavy,common,serious
entire,total,full,complete
表示损坏、损伤:
injure,ruin,destroy,damage
与展示有关:
display,discover,exhibit,reveal
seal—conceal——reveal
reservation,retreat,replacement,recovery
inform,inquire,insure,instruct
proceed,produce,pronounce,progress
ensure,assure,require,request
combine,contain,define,declare
不相关的词:
consumer,businessman,retailer,manufacturer
locate,discover,reveal,identify
account,measure,estimate,evaluate
facility,capacity,reflection,intention
词的特点:
二、单词相同线索在句内,单词不同线索在句外
三、形近词题、介词题先做;连词题、副词题后做(插入语不读,定语成分不读,状语成分不读)
四、答案总在相似中
五、倾向于选四级核心词
六、简单词考搭配
七、高频前缀a-,com-/con-,de-,dis-,in-,re-
八、正确答案平均分布
做题步骤:
一、细读首句,把握主旨
二、精读文章,按段做题
三、先易后难,初选答案
四、重读原文,核实答案
真题讲解:
HistorianstendtotellthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It’stheone_61_theteacherstandingintheschoolroomdoor_62_goodbyetostudentsforthesummerandcalling_63_them,Bytheway,wewonWorldWarII.
61.A)aboutB)inC)forD)by
62.A)shakingB)wavingC)noddingD)speaking
63.A)inB)afterC)forD)up
Theproblemwiththejoke,ofcourse,isthatit’s_64_funny.Therecentsurveyson_65_illiteracy(无知)arebeginningtonumb(令人震惊)nearlyonethirdofAmerican17-year-oldscannoteven66___whichcountriestheUnitedStates_67_againstinthatwar.
64.A)rarelyB)soC)tooD)not
65.A)historicalB)educationalC)culturalD)political
66.A)distinguishB)acknowledgeC)identifyD)convey
67.A)defeatedB)attackedC)foughtD)struck
Onethirdhaveno_68_whentheDeclarationofIndependencewas_69_.OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.Twothirdscannotcorrectly_70_theCivilWarbetween1850and1900._71_whentheygettheanswersright,someare_72_guessing.
68.A)senseB)doubtC)reasonD)idea
69.A)printedB)signedC)markedD)edited
70.A)placeB)judgeC)getD)lock
71.A)EvenB)ThoughC)ThusD)So
72.A)hardlyB)justC)stillD)ever
Unlikemathorscience,ignoranceofhistory&n,bsp;cannotbe73connectedtolossofinternational_74_.Butitdoesaffectourfuture_75_ademocraticnationandasindividuals.
73.A)exclusivelyB)practicallyC)shortlyD)directly
74.A)competitivenessB)comprehensionC)communityD)commitment
75.A)ofB)forC)withD)as
The_76_newsisthatthereisgrowingagreement77whatiswrongwiththe_78_ofhistoryandwhatneedstobe_79_tofixit.Thestepsaretentative(尝试性的)_80_yettobefeltinmostclassrooms.
76.A)fineB)niceC)surprisingD)good
77.A)toB)withC)onD)of
78.A)consultingB)coachingC)teachingD)instructing
79.A)doneB)dealtC)metD)reached
80.A)thereforeB)orC)andD)as
观察词根词缀:
en前缀词:
encourage,enlarge,enrich,enforce,ensure,enclose
encounter,entitle,endure,enhance,engage,enlighten,embrace,embarrass
over前缀词:
overpass,overlap,overflow,overcome,overtake,overlook,OTC,overhead,overprotect,overcharge,overdraw,overload,overrate,overstate
overwhelm
ad前缀词:
ad-
adapt,advisable,adverse,adequate,adolescent,administrate,adverb,admire,admirable,adore,admit,adopt,adjust,advance,advantage,advocate
a前缀词:
accelerate,abbreviate,accommodate,accuse,arrange,affection,appetite,aggressive,arrogant,apparent,alleviate,relieve,associate,attain,assess,allege,attribute,arrest,appreciate,appropriate,approximately
根据词性组词:
近义词
(一):
transform:
I’dliketotransform(=change)mylife.
exaggerate:
exaggerate(=overstate)thetruth
justify:
justifymybehavior
dignify:
Iwouldnotdignifysuchainsultingquestionwitharesponse.
近义词
(二):
与工具有关的:
tool(小工具),appliance(家用电器),apparatus(大型工具),instrument(精密仪器),implement(非电驱动的农业用具),equipment(装备),facility(公共场所的设施),utility(功能,效用)
与声音有关的:
voice(人的声音),utterance(vocalexpression,嘴的发声),speech(包括人和动物的声音),sound(自然界的声音),pronunciation(发音,语言学中的概念)
表示情况、事件:
incident(突发事件),event(大的事件),occasion,situation,condition,circumstances(后4个词意思基本相同)
表示情况、事件extent(程度),level(级别,水平),rank(秩序),range(范围),scope(范围),field(科研领域),district,region(后2个词表示行政区域)
方法:
way,method,approach,means(4个词基本相同)
与源泉有关的:
origin(起源),source(来源)
与结果有关的:
result(结果),consequence(后果,oftenbadresult)
与“活着的”有关的:
alive(表语形容词,heisalive),living(定语形容词,alivingman),live(现场直播的),lively(活跃的)
表示相似的:
same(thesame),similar,alike,identical(非常相似的,一模一样的)
表示正确的:
accurate(物理概念上的“准确”),exact(事实的准确),definite,precise(后3个单词意思相同)
近义词(三):
表示确保:
insure,ensure,assure
Theassistantassuredthemanagerofhisloyalty.
Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem.
表示几乎不:
hardly,barely,scarcely,merely(除“几乎不”外,还有仅仅的意思),rarely,seldom
1.SanFranciscoisusuallycoolinthesummer,butLosAngeles________.
A.israrely
B.rarelyis
C.hardlyis
D.isscarcely
2.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis_____spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.
A.currently
B.barely
C.anxiously
D.heavily
3.Butnowheuses______subwaysandtrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays.
A.mostly
B.partially
C.occasionally
D.rarely
4.Theairiscleanandthesceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhavea_____togetafresh,clean____oftheworld.
A.spaceB.periodC.chanceD.spot
A.viewB.varietyC.visitD.virtue
5.Itcanbesaidthatforeign____thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso___problemsofadjustmentbothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.
A.situationB.circumstanceC.backgroundD.condition
A.carriesB.createsC.emergesD.solves
6.Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolates_______inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection.
A.himself
B.oneself
C.him
D.one
7.Thisisthoughttobea______wherefurtherstudyiscalled___.
A.scopeB.rangeC.fieldD.district
A.onB.forC.uponD.at
8.There’sa____ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildrenthegradetheydeserve.
A.dropB.shortC.cutD.lack
A.acquireB.earnC.gatherD.reach
近义词(四):
1.Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir____.But“youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe____,”shesays.That’snottosayparentsshould____homework.
A.exercisesB.defectC.mistakesD.tests
A.perfectB.betterC.unusualD.complete
A.forgetB.refuseC.missD.ignore
2.Ifyourchild____hasmorehomeworkthanthis,youmaywanttocheck____otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout____assignments.
A.previouslyB.rarelyC.merelyD.consistently
A.withB.inC.outD.up
A.finishingB.loweringC.reducingD.declining
3.Alanguageisasignalingsystemwhichoperateswithsymbolicvocalsounds,andwhichisusedbyagroupofpeopleforthepurposeof______communication.
A.classificationB.definitionC.functionD.perception
4.Let'slookatthis_____inmoredetailbecauseitislanguage,morethananythingelse,___distinguishesmanfromtherestofthe___world.
A.classificationB.definitionC.functionD.perception
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
A.nativeB.humanC.physicalD.animal
5.Otheranimals,itistrue,communicatewithoneanotherby___ofcries:
forexample,manybirdsutter___callsattheapproachofdanger;monkeysutter___cries,suchasexpressionsofanger,fearandpleasure.
A.waysB.meansC.methodsD.approaches
A.matingB.excitingC.warningD.boring
A.identicalB.excitingC.differentD.unfamiliar
6.Studentsfeel___withthings-as-they-areintheclassroom.Professorsshouldbe___fromreadinglecturenotes.
A.satisfactoryB.unsatisfactoryC.satisfiedD.dissatisfied
A.interferedB.discouragedC.disturbedD.interrupted
7.“Itmakestheir___monotonous.”Iftheyaregoingtoread,whynot___outcopiesofthelecture.Thenwe___needtogotoclass.
A.soundsB.pronunciationC.voicesD.gestures
A.holdB.giveC.dropD.leave
A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
8.Professorsshould___repeatinginlecturesmaterialthatisinthetextbook.
A.avoidB.preventC.refuseD.prohibit
9.Humanbrainsarethe___.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill___insize,butthisoccurswithineveryrace.
A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alike
A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary
10.Mentaltestswhicharereasonably___shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.
A.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurate
11.That“somethingspecial”wasmen-creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines,find
new___ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.
A.originsB.discoveriesC.baseD.sources
12.Forcingyourselftorecall___neverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t___yourmemory.
A.merelyB.almostC.barelyD.hardly
A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduce
13.Theyexpectstudents___graduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereference___inthelibrary.
A.particularlyB.essentiallyC.obviouslyD.rarely
A.selectionsB.collectionsC.sourcesD.origins
14.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but___thattheirstudentsshouldnotbe___dependentonthem.
A.hateB.dislikeC.likeD.prefer
A.tooB.suchC.muchD.more
介词用法:
vt.的介词搭配
(一):
subj+vt+obj+(prep)obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)
astonish:
Heastonishesusallwithhisgenius.[subj+vt+obj+(prep)]
Weareastonishedbyhisgenius.[obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)]
fascinate:
Herbeautyfascinatesusmost.[subj+vt+obj+(prep)]
Wearefascinatedbyherbeauty.[obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)]
oblige:
Thelawobligescompaniestopaydecentwagestotheiremployees.
Shew