定语从句+同位语从句.docx

1、定语从句+同位语从句定语从句定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词，先行词可以是指人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语WhowhichThat宾语WhomwhichThat定语Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等

2、不定代词，关系代词一般只用that。 (2) 如果先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词常用that。 (3) 先行词被all, first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰时, 关系代词用that。(4) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,关系代词也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(5) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主

3、句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(6) that可指人或物，在从句中作主语（指人作主语时多用who）、宾语，有时也可作表语，仅用于限制性定语从句中。(7) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。(9) 如果先行词是anyo

4、ne, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词” 结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2)

5、 from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（这是她曾经照顾的孩子。）二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词where, when, why也可以引导定语从句,wher

6、e在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。I will never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。 He will go back to the school where he studied next week.下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。 I dont know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin.我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗

7、号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。四、As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）as用在such，the same或as之后，引导限制性定语从句。可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。I live in the same place as Tom does. 我和汤姆住在同处。Hes not such a fool as

8、he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。（）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。且主从句之间通常要用逗号隔开。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.注意：as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As was expected, he succee

9、ded at last. 正如我们所料，他终于成功了。I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到的。同位语从句当名词后面所接的从句具体解释说明名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：The news that China has joined the WTO excites us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。He t

10、old us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有:1. answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal,

11、question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：He sent us a message that he wont come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, orde

12、r, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。如(from )：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方

13、面：(一)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是上述特殊的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词则是普通的指人或物的名词。(二)从句的作用不同。同位语从句解释说明同位名词的具体内容；而定语从句是对先行名词的限定修饰。(三)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导；而同位从句可以用what, how, whether引导。Have you any idea what ti

14、me it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法：同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语；而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。五、英语定语从句专项练习单项填空1I think youre got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail. A. when B. that C.which D. where 2The

15、 hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten

16、by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. whichD. in which4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. that B. which C. when D. where 5_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6_ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two c

17、ountries are making progress.A.It B.What C.That D. As 7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 8EBay, Amazon and Wal Mart are popular websites_people can sell goods to each other. A.whose B.which C.when D.where 9On his 10th birthday.

18、 Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild. A.which B.from what C.that D.through which 10I hope_the little _I have been able to do has been of some use. A. /;with which B./;by which C.what;what D.that;that11The farmers use wood to build a

19、house_to store grains all the year around.A.with which B.to which C.which D.in which 12This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A.which B.when C.there D. in which13The thought of going home to his family was all kept him happy while he was working abroad. A.which B.what C.those D.

20、 that 14A container weighs more after air is put in _ proves that air has weight.A.as B.it C.that D.which 15Can you tell me where Peter lives? Over there. The two storey house, _ there is a garden. A.near it B.from which C.in front of it D.in front of which 16Miss Green took up the story at the poin

21、t _ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A.when B. which C. as D. where 17Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else _, is there?A. who to turn to B.for her to turnC. for whom to turn D. she can turn to 18The year before last part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _

22、effects the people are still suffering.A. that B.what C. those D. whose 19Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests, eating doesnt take much time.A. who B.what C. which D. where 20Later I want to return home but couldnt find a company _I could use _ I had learnt.

23、A.where;that B.that;that C.when;whatD. where;what 21Government reports legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used.A.when B.that C.how D.where 22We hope the measures to control house prices，_ are taken by the government，will succeed.A.after B.when C.since D. as 2

24、3The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, surprised them very much.A.such as a good student；whichB.as the best student；that C.to have been studying well；it D. to be the best；which 24The president, together with his bodyguards, _ to the nuclear station _ there was an accident 20 mi

25、nutes ago.A. have come；which B. came；in which C.come；in which D. has come；where 25Is there a gas station around_ I can get some petrol?A. which B. what C.that D. where 26There was_ time_ I hated to go to school.A. a；that B.the；when C. the；that D. a；when 27It was in the very house _ was built with st

26、ones _ he spent his childhood.A.which；where B. that；whereC. which；that D. that；that 28These wild flowers are so special I would do _I_ them.A. what；can save B. all what；can to save C.everything；can save D. what；can to save 29I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A.that；whichB.when；who C.which；that D. when；which 30.Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, _ days are limited, is full of difficulties. A. that B. which C. it D. whose 参考答案1答案：D 解析：where在此处引导定语从句。2答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句。that引导的定语从句又在从句中作spend