有瑞说明书毕业设计.docx

1、有瑞说明书毕业设计(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！)摘 要术进行压力加工的设备。它是用于锻压、轴类零件的压装或校正、冷挤、冲压、弯曲、压块、粉沫冶金、成型等工艺过程的压力加工机械，与机械压力机相比，它具有压力和速度可在广泛的范围内无级调整，可在任意位置输出全部功率和保持所需压力，并能完成压制成型和定程成型等工艺方式，结构布局灵活，各执行机构动作可很方便地达到所希望的配合关系等优点；然而，该液压机也具有一定的缺点：它的机身刚度较小，由于用四立柱作导向，活动横梁内侧导向套与四立柱磨损后不易调整。本次设计采用软件与硬件相结合的方法，设计的液压机是YA321000KN四柱万能型，最大压

2、制力为100吨，液压最大工作压力为16MPa，它的加工工艺较其它类型液压机简单。主机为三梁四柱式结构，油缸由四柱导向，顶出缸布置于工作台中间孔内。各操纵调整机构均集中设置在操纵箱面板上，动力机构（包括电动机、泵、阀等元件）设置于右侧。根据给定的有关技术参数绘制液压机的动作线图，从动作线图上可以清楚的反映出各动作行程，速度和它们的配合关系，液压系统和电控系统的设计很重要，包括确定系统的执行元件（液压缸）的主要结构尺寸，绘制液压系统图，选择各类元件及辅件的形式和规格，确定系统的主要参数，进行必要的性能估算。电器控制采用可编程控制，实行以油为工作介质，其油缸工作过程由按钮集中操作，使液压速度可调。最

3、后进行液压机的总体设计。 此次设计目的明确，通过老师细心指导，自己查阅有关资料，及到实习工厂观察学习，顺利完成设计任务。通过这次设计培养了自己动手、综合运用多学科的理论知识和技能解决工程实际问题的能力，为以后实际工作打下基础。关键词：液压机；四柱；电器控制；液压缸AbstractThis design topic is a the shaping using the technology the equipment. It uses in the forging and stamping, the axis class components pressure installs or the a

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9、ctric appliance control uses the programmable control., the implement take the oil as the actuating medium, its cylinder work process by button centralized control, it causes the suooressed speed to be possible to move. Finally carries on the .This design goal is clear,carefullu instructs through te

10、acher,own consult the pertinent data, and to factory affiliated with a school observation study, smoothly task. Raise myself through this design to begin, the synthesis utilizes the multi-disciplinary theory knowledge and the skill solution project actual problem ability, will build the foundation f

11、or the later practical work.Key words: -安全系数;4 D-油缸内径; d-活塞杆外径;-回程速度; -工进速度 已知=100 mms; =80 mms 所以 = 1.253.强度校核当只受轴向力推或拉力,可以近似地用直杆承受拉压载荷的简单强度计算公式进行计算: (4-23) =82.86 MPa 危险截面的合成应力: =5.5 MPa MPa主缸的总效率1.机械效率： 由活塞及活塞杆密封处的摩擦阻力所造成的摩擦损失，在额定压力下通常可取： =0.90.95, 这里取： =0.932.容积效率： 由各密封件的泄露所造成，当活塞密封为弹性材料时；取=0.98

12、3.反作用力效率：由排出口背压差所产生的反向作用力。 (4-24) =0.987 MPa -当活塞杆伸出是为进油压力,当活塞杆缩回是为排油压力-当活塞杆伸出时为排油压力,当活塞杆缩回时为进油压力= (4-25) = =0.981 MPa主缸的总效率： = (4-26) =0.930.980.98 =0.893 说明：该系统背压0.4 MPa顶出液压缸的设计材料顶出缸材料强度如表4.4所示表4.4顶出缸材料强度型号MPa MPa%35CrMo100085012顶出缸内径的设计1顶出液压缸内径:D= (4-27)=0.249m2顶出液压缸活塞杆径dd= (4-28)=0.145m3顶出液压缸有效面

13、积:A=D (4-29)=0.00785 m=79 cmA= ( D-d) (4-30)= (0.10-0.08)=0.0028 m=28 cmA=d (4-31)=0.08=0.0050 m=50 cm4顶出液压缸实际顶出力和回程力:R=PA (4-32)=25100.00785=21.4 MPaR=60KN5顶出液压缸的工作压力和回程工作压力:PA=25100.00785=196.3KNR=60KN6顶出液压缸的工作压力和回程压力:P=25 MPaP= (4-33)=21.4 MPa液压缸的理论作用力F F=45.59KN (4-34)取 =0.6； =0.90缸筒壁厚 公式: =+关于的

14、值,分别计算;当时,为薄壁缸筒=0.0134m (4-35)=83.3 mP-缸筒材料的许用应力 当0.3时，液压缸的安全系数: n=12 = =0.0156 m取 =0.025 m当时,材料使用不够经济,应改用高屈服强度的材料.顶出缸所受载荷如表4.5所示表4.5 缸筒所受载荷材料静载荷交变载荷冲击载荷不对称对称钢35812缸筒壁厚校核 额定工作压力, 应该低于一个极限值,以保证其安全. MPa (4-36)=0.35=100MPa=外径 D=内径 同时额定工作压力也应该完全塑性变形的发生: (4-37)=60.7672.9 MPa (4-38)=2.3850=2.38500.0888=17

15、3.6 MPa-缸筒完全塑性的变形压力, -材料屈服强度MPa缸筒的暴裂压力 (4-39) =204.24 MPa 缸筒底部厚度 缸筒底部为平面时: 0.433 (4-40) 0.433 mm 取 mm缸筒端部法兰厚度h (4-41) =12.72 mm 取 -安全系数;液压缸活塞杆往复运动时的速度比 = (4-47) 已知 =100 mms; =80 mms 所以 = 1.25D-油缸内径; d-活塞杆外径; -回程速度; -工进速度 取 d=0.22m 则 =1.24 ;3.强度校核当只受轴向力推或拉力,可以近似地用直杆承受拉压载荷的简单强度计算公式进行计算: (4-48) =82.86 MPa 危险截面的合成应力 :=2.7 MPa MPa顶出缸的总效率1.机械效率 由活塞及活塞杆密封处的摩擦阻力所造成的摩擦损失，在额定压力下，通常可取： =0.90.95 这里取： =0.932.容积效率 由