中考非谓语动词.docx

1、中考非谓语动词非谓语动词一非谓语动词概念1.动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。2.非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）1. 不定式：表示目的和将来；不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主

2、语. 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语. 例如:To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语. 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语.例如:He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意 :在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice

3、, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to.例如I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.注意:不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to.如:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have

4、no choice but to go.4)作定语.例如:I have some books for you to read. 注作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:He had no money and no

5、 place to live.5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:I came here to see you.(目的)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)To look at him, you would like him.(条件)目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示.如:In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.We ran all the way so

6、 as not to be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如:I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer.“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He is too old to do that.另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语.例如:The room is big enough to hold us.6)作表语.例如:My job is to help the patient.7)作独立成分.例如:To tell the truth， I dont agree w

7、ith you.8)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如:He didnt know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)My question is when to start. (表语) 注意:在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. 例如:Why not have a rest? 2. 动词的ing：表示主动和进行 1.动名词由动词 + ing

8、构成; 具有动词和名词的性质; 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语. 1)作主语.例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full- time job. It is no use arguing with him. 2)作表语. 例如:Her job is teaching.3)作宾语.例如: He is fond of playing football.I like swimming. 注 admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape,

9、excuse，face，feel. like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式.注 forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习.)I must remembe

10、r to do it. (我必须记着做这事.)I tried not to go there.(我没法不去那里.)I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次.)Stop speaking. (不要讲话)He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话.)I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来.) Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时.)注在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如

11、果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式.例如:We dont allow smoking here.We don t allow students to smoke.注动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式.这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义.例如:The window needs( requires，wants) cleaning( to be cleaned)注在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object

12、 to，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty/ trouble/ problem (in)，have a good/ wonderful/ hard time(in)，theres no use/good/ need，feel/ look/seem/ like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式.例如:I look forward to hearing from you soon.注在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。但说话人有所指的时候，通常用

13、不定式。注start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。注在 should(would) like/ love等后须用不定式。4)作定语.例如:He has a reading room.3.过去分词：表示被动和完成。1.分词的时态和语态l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式.一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.例如:Being a student，he was interested in books.Having studied in the uni

14、versity for 3 years, he knows the way very well.过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式. 2.分词的用法l)作定语分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:The man standing by the window is our teacher.The excited people rushed into the building.注意:现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语

15、，而要用定语从句。例如:The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 2)作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如:Being a student, I must study hard.(原因) While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间)The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式) 注:分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致.注:表示时间

16、关系的分词短语有时可由连接词 while或 when引出.3)作表语.例如:The news is inspiring. The glass is broken. 4)作宾语补足语.例如:We saw the teacher making the experiment. 注意:在 see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。例如:I sa

17、w the girl getting on the tractor.I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off.He had his clothes washed. (他叫别人洗了衣服)We had the fire burning all day.(我们使火燃烧了一整天)。注意:“ have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事;“ have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关.练习：( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big roc

18、k.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest( )2. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying( )3. Youd better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended( )4. - Look! The lights in th

19、e classroom are still on.- Oh, I forgot _.A. turning them off B. turn them off C. to turn them off D. having turned them off( )5. “Cant you read?” the officer said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily( )6. The computer center, _ last year, is v

20、ery popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened( )7. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive( )8. - Whats the language _ in New Zealand?- English.A. speaking B. spoken C. be sp

21、oken D. to speak( )9. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going( )10. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _.A. to live in B. to be lived

22、in C. to live D. for living in( )12. A clock is made for _ us the time.A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells( )13. Youd better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health.A. dont stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying( )14. The students are busy _ ready for the exam now.A. getting B. ge

23、C. got D. to get( )15. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _ instead.A. come; climbing B. to come; to climbC. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing( )16. Is there any time _ to the museum?A. going B. to go C. goes D. gone( )17. The teacher asked the students to close the windo

24、ws _ the wind from _ the papers away.A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow( )18. A bird was seen _ into the classroom yesterday.A. flew B. to fly C. fly D. was flying( )19. We should do as much as we can _ water.A. for saving B. to save C. save D. saved( )20. The

25、re are many people _ to buy cars in the modern world.A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. to want( )21. - Im too busy _ to my family.- Why not call them instead?A. writing B. to write C. written D. write( )22. The little boy woke up his father, _ “Happy Birthday!”A. call B. to call C. called D. calling(

26、)23. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.A. produced B. producing C. to produce D. which produced( )24. - What are on show in the museum?- Some pictures _ by the Africans.A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn( )25. The sick man stayed in bed, _ very terrible.A. felt B. feeling C. is

27、feeling D. was feeling( )26. - The boy was seen _ his bike a moment ago.- I am sorry to hear that.A. fell off B. to fall off C. fall off D. to fall down( )27. Therere so many beautiful presents in the shop that I dont know _.A. to choose which one B. what chooseC. which one to choose D. to choose wh

28、at( )28. - How bad! They still have no ideas how _ the problem.- Lets go to help them.A. solving B. solved C. to solve D. solves( )29. What is the best way do you think _ the wild animals?A. protecting B. to protecting C. protected D. to protect( )30. - Youd better have your sports jacket _. Its too

29、 dirty.- Thanks. I will.A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. wash( )31. - The little boy was made _ English for another hour.- Poor boy!A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read( )32. I think it kind _.A. of him to help me B. for him to help C. that he help me D. of him helping me( )33. Its too hot today

30、. Why not _ your coat?A. take on B. to take off C. take off D. taking off( )34. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close( )35. He made it _ for people _ the computers by inventing new software.A. easy, use B. easy, using C. easily, to use D. easier, to use( )36. All of the plans are very good. I really dont know _.A. which to talk B. which to talk aboutC.