主谓一致.docx

1、主谓一致环球雅思教育集团学科教师讲义授课日期：_ 时段：_ 辅导科目： 英语 学员姓名： 年 级： 高一 学科教师： 廖萍 课时数： 3 第_次课课 题主谓一致教 学 目 标主谓一致的三个原则教 学 重 点主谓一致的细节知识点教 学 难 点主谓一致比较繁杂，需要记忆教 学 内 容 主谓一致【考纲解读】高考研究主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。在注意掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则。分数、百分数

2、、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。【课前小测】1. 【2011安徽卷）27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. 【2011湖南卷)26】One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are

3、 B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. 【10全国】Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn4. 【10湖南】Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have5. 【10四川】Such poets as

4、Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are6. 【09山东】The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7. 【09四川】The teacher together with the stud

5、ents _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8. 【09湖南】Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be 【课堂内容】一、种类：1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。The number

6、 of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike.2.意义上一致 1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，如people，police，cattle等 例：The crowd were shouting.2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，economics等。 例：The news was so surprising. 3.就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either.or，neithe

7、r.nor，not only.but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2、主谓一致的应用1.名词作主语?1) 某些集体名词，如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：?His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。?这类名词有audience，class，clu

8、b，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分?。?2) 某些集体名词，如people，police，cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。3) 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：?A sheep is over t

9、here.那边有只羊。?Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。?4) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。?My uncles is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。?常见的省略名词有the bakers，the barbers，the carpenters，the Zhangs等。?表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：?Richardsons have a lot

10、of goods to sell.理查德店有很多货物要卖。?5) 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：?Three years has passed since then.自从那时到现在，三年已经过去了。?6) 不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子们都想去看电影。?7) 如果主语有more than one.或many a

11、.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：?More than one student has read the book. 很多学生读过这本书。?但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：?More members than one are against your plan. 许多成员反对你的计划。?8) 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但如果主语用?“a

12、 kind? of，a pair of ，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：?A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一双鞋。?9) this kind of book=a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复

13、数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.这一种人很危险。?Men of this kind are dangerous.这种类型的人很危险。10) 复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。The（These）glass works are near the rai

14、lway station.这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。?当它们前面有a,such a ，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数；但means，no means，the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。11) 如果名词词组中心词是all，most，half，rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.我的同学都喜欢音乐。?All of the water is gone.所有的水都没了。?12) 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词

15、的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.两窗户间挂着一幅画。2.由连接词连接的名词作主语1) 用and或both.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：?Plastics and rubber never rot.橡胶和塑料永不腐烂。?Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动。但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：To love and to be loved is great happi

16、ness.爱与被爱是种幸福。?Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是种好习惯。?A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。2) 当主语后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数据这些词前面的主语而定。如：The teache

17、r as well as the students was reading in the library.?老师和学生都在图书馆里看书。3) 以or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：?Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.汤姆和哥哥们在房间里等着。3.代词作主语1) 名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：?Ours (Our Party) is a great party.

18、我们的党是个伟大的党。?2) such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：?Such is our plan.Such are his words.那就是我们的计划。那就是他的话。?3) 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的请举手。?Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.?人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。?4) 疑问代词w

19、ho，what，which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.谁住在隔壁？是小刘。?What produce(s) heat? 什么产生热量？?5) 不定代词any，either，neither，none，all，some，more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，如：?Now all has been changed.现在一切都改变了。?All are present.所有人都到场了。?either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后

20、接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：?Do(es) any of you know his address? 你们当中有谁知道他的地址吗？?None of them has (have) seen the film.他们当中没人看过这部电影。4.分数、量词作主语?1) “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，a heap of，heaps of，half of+名词”构成的短语作主

21、语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，如：?About three fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.?地球的四分之三被水覆盖。?Three fifths of the workers here are women.这个地方五分之三的工人是妇女。?和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number，试比较：A number of students have gone home.

22、许多学生都回家了。?The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书中的页码是二百。?注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。?短语in quantity，in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。?2) a great deal of ，a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动

23、词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：?Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的钱花在了这座桥上。?3) 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一个半香蕉。?4) half of，(a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。5.名词化的形容词作主语?

24、如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。?6.从句作主语?1) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体

25、内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，如：?What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。?What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。?2) 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：?This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.?这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。?但是当one之前有the only等修饰语

26、时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：?She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。【随堂练习】动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to be【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。one,

27、either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the

28、 area _invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明

29、指的是同一个人，应为单数。定语从句中的主谓一致He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可知应使用现在完成时。quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致With more forests being d

30、estroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of与a number of的区别As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A. wa

31、s keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping【解析】答案为C。在“the number of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowadays可知应使用一般现在时。分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day l