英语四六级翻译常用词汇历史文化经济社会教育及翻译真题答案.docx

1、英语四六级翻译常用词汇历史文化经济社会教育及翻译真题答案英语四六级段落翻译常用词汇（1）中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kungfu 太极Tai Chi 口 技ventriloquism 旗袍 cheongsam 中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏 shadowplay 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figu

2、re 书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting 中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千s

3、wing武术 martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and inkstone)历史文著： 大学The Great Learning 中庸The

4、 Doctrine of the Mean 论语The Analects of Confucius 孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War 三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷Journey to the West 红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes 山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror 春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records 诗经The Book

5、of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites三字经Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain（2）中国经济总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporati

6、on 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-in

7、tensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbaniza

8、tion 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy

9、 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 t

10、o fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible

11、 assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support （3）中国社会

12、多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebri

13、ty农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job dis

14、crimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standing Commi

15、ttee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning青年文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居

16、委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领土完整territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common gro

17、und while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire “走出去”（战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralis

18、m多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人 口 老龄化aging of population人口出生率birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement（4）中国教育成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电

19、update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engin

20、eering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricul

21、ar activities必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for tal

22、ented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate跨文化交流 cross-cultura communication 春联 spring couplet神话传说 mythology and legend 文化遗产 cultural heritage（五）段落翻译真题Part Tran

23、slation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties

24、)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

25、People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes

26、health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the L

27、antern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, whichco

28、uld drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history ofmore than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was alreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the liondance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custo

29、m wherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which o

30、ffers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reformand opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises withthe

31、ir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese peoples consumption concept is