英语中的变音现象.docx

1、英语中的变音现象我们都有过这样沮丧的经验，很容易听懂中国人说的英语，但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里，便觉得很难跟上，有时甚至是不 知所云。这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词一个一个的发，每个都很清晰，词与词之间有明显的pause, 但是英美人的口语会有很多音变，这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生，难懂，给我们的听力造成了很大的困难，因此了解并使用各音变规则会帮助我们 提高听力，使我们的发音更加地道。音变主要有 连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式。言归正题, 以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音规则，以及最后一项关于英语的节奏，希望能有所帮助！一、 连读连读有四种类

2、型：1 Consonant / Vowel2 Consonant / Consonant3 Vowel / Vowel4 T, D, S, or Z + Y1、 以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：要连读如： Your eyes 1a(one a) a bowl of rice. My name isLA (Los Angeles) e lei902-5050 nai nou tu: fai vou fai vou注意： 以辅音结尾 指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音，而不是单词的结尾，这如同uju:.niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。另：以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音，人称

3、代词：he、him、her、his与前面的辅音连读。Did he? Does he? Was he? Has he? Is he? Will he? Would he? Can he?Wouldnt you?(wooden chew?)Shouldnt I?(shudn nai)Wont he? (won knee?)Didnt he?(didn knee?)Hasnt he?(haz a knee?)Wouldnt he?(wooden knee?)Isnt he?(is a knee?)Isnt it? (is a nit?)Doesnt it?(duza nit?)Arent I?(ar

4、e nai?)Wont you?(won chew?)Dont you?(don chew?) Cant you?(can chew?) Could you?(ku d u:?) Would you?(wu d3ju?)Tell him to ask her.Leave him For himGive her a book. Giv-er a book.Tell him to ask her. Tell-im to ask-er.What will he do? What will-i do?Where will he go? Where will-i go?When will he come

5、? When will-i come?who will he meet? who will-i meet?How will he know? How will-i know?Has he gone? Has-i gone?Had he done it before? Had-i done it before?Must he go? Must-i go?Can he do it? Can-i do it?Should he leave? Should-i leave?2、辅音+辅音的连读如果前面的单词结尾的清辅音，后面单词开头是与之相对应的浊辅音，或者相反，只发后面的辅音t-d t-d s-z

6、- p-b f-v k-gsit down I dont know（发音再次的老师都不会发出 t 音）I just didnt get the chance.Big cake Dad told me Huge change Good night3、元音+元音当前面的单词以元音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，两个元音连读，连读的方法是在中间加w或者加j.以ou结尾的元音后面一般加w。而以长元音i:结尾的后 面加jGo (w)away who (w)is so (w)honest do (w)I? she (j)is但发这两个音的时候不要太强太故作。不然的话还不如不发。4、T, D, S, or Z

7、+ Y的连读：当一个单词是以t d s z 结尾，后面的单词是以y（j）开头的话要连读：4-1 t+y 连读成/t/Whats your name?Cant you do it?Ill let you know.4-2 d+y连读成/ d u:/ Did you see it How did you like it? Could you tell?4-3 s+y连读 Yes,you are Bless you Guess your age4-4 z+y连读成 Hows your family? Whos your friend? Whens your birthday?呵呵！我第一次知道这一连

8、读规则时，兴奋不已，很容易的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子， 并且按照这种连读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。二、 失音由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。注意： 爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。Disappearing /T/关于/t/失音问题：The sound /t/ tends to be unstable in many words and phrases. Sometimes its there. Sometimes it isnt. There is a process called elision wh

9、ich deletes /t/ when it is preceded by a voiceless consonant and followed by any consonant except /h/. Here are some examples: Christmas last week most people act sensibly software internationalDisappearing /d/we saw that /t/ can disappear in certain circumstances. The same is true of /d/, but the c

10、ircumstances are slightly different. If /d/ is preceded by a voiced consonant /b d g v D z Z dZ m n N l/ and it is followed by a consonant other than /h/, then it can be deleted (elided). Here are some examples: handbag old man used toTaken together, the disappearance of /t/ and /d/ is called alveol

11、ar plosive elision.三、 浊化1、S 后面的清辅音要浊化k 浊化成 g sky Discussion： t 浊化成d Standp浊化成 b speak Expression还有trdr strike2、美音中t 在单词的中间被浊化成d如：writer， 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别letterladder out of2-1在单词的前面或后面就不浊化比如：Ted took ten tomatoes. first , coast, hot, late,fat, goat, hit, put, not, hurt,等。2-2在过去式中ed的发音：在清辅音后面发t:

12、laughed la:ft, picked pIkt, hoped houpt, raced reist, watched wa: tt, washed wa: t 在浊辅音后面发d : halved hvd, rigged rigd, nabbed nbd, raised reizd, smoothed smu: dExceptions: wicked wikd, naked nakd, crooked kr1d, etcT或d后面发/id/ started founded2-3 t和n连在一起的时候，由于口位差不多，通常t就不发音了。1. interview -innerview2.Int

13、ernet- innernet3.twenty twenny4.winter winner或winder5.enter-enner或ender美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是t在单词的中间一定会浊化成d，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这 一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。四、 弱读一般来说：实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；虚词弱读，如介词、代词等弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 或 比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for: 重读时f: , 弱读时 f to有三种读法tu:tt some也有

14、三种读法smsmsm.does也有两种 读法dzdz of居然有四种读法vvvf,没想到啊！真 是没想到啊！举几个例子：1、To的弱读：to的前面是辅音弱读成t或t today/tdei/ tonight/tnait/we have to/hft / go.To的前面如果是元音，那就弱读成d或d I go to/goud /workat a quarter to two We plan to do it.2、for的弱读：在句中读/fr/句末读/f :r/This is for/fr/ you. Its for/fr/ my friend.What is this for/f :r/? Who

15、 did you get it for/f :r/?3、and弱读成/n/ bread and butter4、or弱读成/r/ Soup or/su:pr/ salad? left or right5、are弱读成/r/ What are you doing? How are you?6、your弱读成/jr/ Hows your family? Is this your car?还有很多，希望多听，细心体会。五、 缩读：我在网上下了个供大家参考Standard EnglishReduced formsexamplebecausekuzI dont wanna go to the party

16、, kuz it sounds boring.bet youbetchaI betcha cant eat ten hot dogs!could have + consonantkudaYou kuda gone with me, if youd told me in plenty of time.could have + vowelkudavI was so hungry, I kudav eaten a horse.did youdidja/didyaDidja like the film?dont youdonchaDoncha know?get yougetchaIll getcha

17、a drink.give megimmeGimme all your money!going to + verbgonnaIm gonna do my homework now.got yougotchaI gotcha that candy bar you asked for.has tohastaHe hasta know how much he means to me.have tohaftaI hafta clean the house before I go out.how are you + verbhowaryaHowarya doin?I dont knowI dunnoI d

18、unno what to think about that.kind of + consonantkindaIm kinda worried about that test.kind of + vowelkindavThis book is kindav interesting.kinds of + consonantkindsaWhat kindsa clothes does that shop sell?kinds of + vowelkindsavLook at all those different kindsav oranges for sale!let melemmeLemme i

19、n!lot of + consonantlottaIve got a lotta respect for that guy.lot of + vowellottavThere were a lottav English people at the party.lots of + consonantlottsaThere were lottsa books in that room.lots of + vowellottsavThere are lottsav interesting things to see and do.might have + consonantmightaI might

20、a gone with him if hed invited memight have + vowelmightavShe mightav agreed to come if youd been nicer to her.must have + consonantmustaI musta walked past her without even seeing her.must have + vowelmustavShe mustav intended to dump him before his birthday.ought tooughtaYou oughta know more about

21、 that than me.should have + consonantshouldaI shoulda studied harder for the exam.should have + vowelshouldavHe really shouldav opened up about his feelings.should not have + consonantshouldnta/shouldnaWhere is she? She shouldna taken that long!should not have + vowelshouldntav/shouldnavShe shouldnt

22、av ignored you like that.want towannaI wanna go home.what are you + gerundwhatchaWhatcha doin?what do you + verbwhaddayaWhaddaya wanna do today?would have + consonantwouldaI woulda done the dishes if youd asked me.would have + vowelwouldavI wouldav asked you to do it, if Id thought you would.what is the matterwassamattaWassammatta witcha? (with you)综上所述，不难看出为什么我们跟不上老外说的英语了，了解了这些不仅能提高我们的口语能力，同时提高了我们的听力。哈哈哈！