四级长难句精讲课程讲义.docx

1、四级长难句精讲课程讲义史上经典！四级长难句分析主讲：Mike在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一 词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二 语法结构 1从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语 2并列结构 3插入语 4倒装 5强调 6省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构2008-61But the real truth is that we dont know enough to re

2、lieve global warming, and without major technological breakthroughs we cant do much about it.2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become amoral problem when its really an engineering one.3Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will

3、surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. 2007-124The story about a fearful ange

4、l starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughters experience

5、.6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.2007-67. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in paral

6、lel no matter how much we might like to think so.8. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thou

7、ght, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.9. The practice that can help you past your le

8、arned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”10. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.11. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind

9、 that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. 12. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.13. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories abou

10、t what its like to work in a field dominated by men.14. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.15. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a senten

11、ce that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore.16. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues.2006-1217. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was ca

12、lled the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.18. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.19

13、. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.20. Regardless of how its sold, t

14、he popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.21. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many u

15、nhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.22. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few be

16、ers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.23. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays at

17、tention to the bodys special needs.24. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.25. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in thi

18、s new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.26. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2006

19、-627. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.28. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.29. Were saying we want

20、you to work in these places, were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when its convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then youre disposable.30. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers

21、 would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.2006-6旧31Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.32Parents in low-income countrie

22、s fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children.33Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are

23、sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.34She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance.35The car is fitted with a remote im

24、mobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.36Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID cod

25、e beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.2005-1237While heres on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.38In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work de

26、mands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they get the job done.39. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person

27、 who is apologizing should promise never to do again.40. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.实战演练1But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a p

28、iece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. 2. To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to

29、them only minutes earlier.3. Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. 4. House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of

30、 the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country. 5. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the far

31、m worker, bus driver and shop assistant.6. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.7. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; co

32、llege students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.8. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. 9. The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvest