高考英语全国通用培优二轮讲义+习题第1部分 专题二语法填空.docx

1、高考英语全国通用培优二轮讲义+习题第1部分 专题二语法填空全国卷3年考点分布表综合上表可知，语法填空题设空有两种情况：有提示词类和无提示词类。有提示词类，一般设置7道题左右，且多为实词，主要考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的词形变化及比较等级、名词、代词等；无提示词类，多考查虚词，一般考查介词、冠词、连词等的正确运用。A(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years 61._(long) than nonrunners.You dont have to

2、 run fast or for long 62._ (see) the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63._ (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it 64._(be) more effective at lengthening life 65._ walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the autho

3、rs of the review also made a study published in 2014 66._ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67._(cause)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on

4、soft surfaces，do exercises to 68._(strength)your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and its always 69._(energy)If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 70._ a try.【语篇解读】本

5、文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑步带来的多种健康益处。一本医学杂志上的评论及研究表明，跑步不仅使人长寿，而且可以降低死亡的风险。61longer句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。62to see本句有谓语，因此此处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。 63dying短语reduce ones risk of.“降低某人的风险”，此处介词of后用动名词作宾语。 64is本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。65than根据句中的more可知，此处应

6、用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填than。66that/which分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为a study，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。67causes此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故填causes。68strengthen分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。69energeticand连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，

7、故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。70it/runninggive it a try为固定搭配，意为“试一试”，根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。B(2017全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61._ a method of fighting

8、heart disease，has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63._(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodil

9、y functions.When fat and salt 64._(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65._ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66._(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67._(be) full of fat and salt；by 68._(eat)

10、 more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 69._(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much o

11、f both，70._ is not good for the health.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对当前流行的饮食中应该少放油少放盐的观点进行了论述，作者认为油和盐在日常饮食中非常重要，同时作者也提醒读者不要走极端。61as空格后为名词短语，并结合语境可知，应填介词 as，此处意为“作为(as)一种对抗心脏病的方法”。62effectseffect为可数名词，由句中的some可知，此处应填复数形式effects。unintended side effects“意想不到的负面影响”。63to processbe required to do sth“被要求做某事”，为固定用法。p

12、rocess the food“加工食物”。64are removed分析句子结构可知，此处需要填谓语动词，本句意为“当油和盐从食物中移除后，食物便尝起来好像少了什么似的”，全文是一般现在时，且fat and salt为两种物品，故此处应填一般现在时的被动语态 are removed。65aas a result“结果”，为固定短语。66worse由语境可知此处应填比较级，even worse“更糟糕的是”。67is分析句子结构可知，此处需要填谓语动词，本句意为“快餐里面油和盐丰富”，全文是一般现在时，且food是不可数名词，故此处应填is。68eatingby为介词，故应填v.ing形式，b

13、y doing sth“通过做某事”。69carefulbe为系动词，故此处应填形容词作表语。70which此处which引导非限制性定语从句。C(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61._(attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Bas

14、e，where ticket money helps pay for research，I 62._(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63._(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64._ my days on a TV show in t

15、he mid1980s，65._ I was the first Western TV reporter 66._(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67._(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains

16、 of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68._(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69._(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，70._ other is with mumshe never suspects.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但对于作者

17、这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。61attraction空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。62was allowed根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。63officially修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。64togo back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。65when由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。66permitted因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter为

18、逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。67introducing由句子结构可知，introduce作谓语动词include的宾语。而British visitors是introduce这一动作的承受者。故用动名词形式。68its根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。69daysfew用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。70the由前文中的关键词twin，one可知，这里考查one.the other.(一个另一个)的用法。故答案为the。 一、有提示词类1提示词是动词(1)提示词为动词时，通常考查动词作谓语和非谓语的形式。若句

19、子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填动词的谓语形式时，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及使谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。典例(2018全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country _61_ (grow)more corn than rice.分析由时间状语“since 2011”可知，句子用现在完成时；主语“the country”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。(2)若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填动词的非谓语形式

20、。动词的非谓语形式包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后关系，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。典例(2017全国卷)It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road，_63_(lay)the track and then building

21、 a strong roof over 64.the top.分析and前后为三个并列成分，根据“digging”“building”可知用laying，这三个动名词短语作included的宾语。作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。典例(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might 42.be_made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _43_(create)special designs

22、.分析分析句子结构可知，skilled workers为主语；combine作谓语动词，various hardwoods and metal作宾语，此处表示combine.and.的目的，故用不定式作目的状语，应填to create。作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；若是被动关系，用过去分词。典例(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots，_44_(use)twigs (树枝)to remove it.分析句中已有谓语动词cooked，故use为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间存在逻辑

23、上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语，应填using。 动词的词类转换主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语。典例(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _46_(educate)分析形容词性物主代词her后需接名词，即educate的名词形式education。2提示词是名词提示词为名词时，通常考查名词的单复数、名词所有格、名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。(1)考查名词的复数。典例(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study p

24、ublished in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_ (cause)分析cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式。(2)考查名词与形容词的转换。典例(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)

25、between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be _69_ (care)not to go to extremes.分析careful。空格前为be动词，句中缺少表语，所以用形容词作表语，care变成careful。(3)考查名词与副词的转换。典例(广东卷)When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was _ (surprise)helpful.分析surprisingly。句意：当我们在琢磨着做什么的时候，经理出来了。她很乐于助人，真是出

26、乎意料啊。句中“helpful”是形容词，空白处应修饰“helpful”，因副词修饰形容词，故答案应填surprisingly。3提示词是形容词、副词提示词为形容词或副词时，通常考查词性转换，即形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词转名词；比较等级；反义词等。(1)考查形容词与副词的相互转换。典例(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.分析此处表示“对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后

27、原因”，修饰谓语动词is应用副词形式actually。(2)考查比较等级。做题时，要注意比较级的提示词(如than)和可以修饰比较级/最高级的一些词(如much，even，still，by far，a little，ever等)。典例(2017全国卷)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.分析worse。句意：结果，人们会吃更多的食物尽力去弥补那些

28、失去的东西。更糟的是，人们吃的快餐的量上涨了。根据前一句的more food和空格前的even可知应填比较级形式。二、无提示词类无提示词试题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。考生在解答此类题时，首先应认真阅读全文，了解文章大意。其次，分析空白处所在的句子的基本结构，判断出空白处在句中充当什么成分，从而确定词性。1考查冠词冠词只有三个(a，an，the)，如果是单数可数名词前面设空，那么很有可能是填不定冠词。如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。典例(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the go

29、rilla，who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs.分析固定短语at the top of“在的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。2考查代词代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；若句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；若句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。典例(广东卷)Now it occurred to _ that his farm had much potential and that the d

30、eath of the cow was a bit of luck.分析it occurred to sb that.“某人突然想到”，to为介词，后跟宾语，根据后面his farm，故填him。3考查介词介词的考查通常是指对介词短语和动词短语的考查，有时候也可能是考查形容词、动词的常用搭配，如be absorbed in，be curious about，be engaged in，pay attention to等。这要求学生备考过程中熟记常用短语搭配，考试时才能胸有成竹。典例(2018全国卷)I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.分析search for“寻找，搜寻”，为固定搭配。4考查连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词。常用的连词有and，but，so，or等。若在两个完整的句子之间设空，或两个谓语之间设空，通常填连词。典例(2018济南模拟)Its almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy