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考研阅读逐句译第4篇.docx

1、考研阅读逐句译第4篇唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第1句 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.词汇:supreme /adj. 最高的,至高无上的;最重要的,最大的court /n. 法庭,法院;宫廷,朝廷;球场physician /n. 医生,内科医生implication /n. 含义,暗含relieve

2、 /v. 减轻,解除结构: The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide (主语)/carry important implications (谓语动词和宾语)/for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering (for介词后面跟了一个how宾语从句,整个for介词短语充当状语).译文: 最高法院关于医生帮助病人自杀这一问题的裁决,对于医学界寻求如何减轻病危者的痛苦与折磨,具有重要的意义。翻译思路:翻译思路的展开有人总说,“觉得自己

3、英语看懂了,可就是觉得中文怪怪的,为什么呢?”这里有两个问题:1.觉得自己英语看懂了要确信是真的看懂了,对英语主干和修饰的关系很清晰。2.如果“真的看懂了”,“可是中文怪怪的”问题就出在中文表达的时候,逻辑整理或者顺序安排不够清楚;还有可能是对某一个英语词的中文表达不到位。怎么办呢?我试图通过这个句子来帮大家展开一下翻译思路。The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide 决定最高法院的决定最高法院的裁决(法院的决定,就是裁决,这里是一种中文表达方式的替换)最高法院关于医生帮助自杀的裁决最高法院关于医生帮助病人自杀这一问题的

4、裁决(医生帮助自杀,有点怪怪的,逻辑不清,补充说明白)carry important implications 具有了重要的意义(注意carry implication for的搭配)for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering对于医药如何寻求减轻正在死亡的病人的痛苦和折磨对于医学界寻求如何减轻病危者的痛苦与折磨(医药如何减轻,怪怪的;正在死亡的病人,逻辑不对;通通替换)唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第2句 Although it ruled that there is no constit

5、utional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the goo

6、d effect.词汇:rule /v. 统治,管理;控制;裁定constitutional /adj. 宪法的,符合宪法的;(某人)体质的,体格的in effect / 实际上principle /n. 原则,原理;准则,规范permissible /adj. 容许的结构: 参见翻译思路译文: 尽管裁决规定,宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利,但最高法院实际上还是认可 “双重效应”的医疗原则。这一延续了数百年的道德原则认为,若某个行为具有两种结果想要达到的好和可以预见的坏如果行为执行者只想达到好结果,那么这个行为就是可以允许的。翻译思路:难句拆分之后易理解Although it ruled

7、(although引起的让步状语从句,it指代上文的the Supreme Court,要注意rule在法律上的意义是“做出裁决”)/that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide(that引导的宾语从句,做ruled这个动词的宾语), /the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”(是although从句对应的主句), /a centuries-old moral principle (同位语,解释上文的pri

8、nciple of “double effect”)/holding (holding分词短语作定语,修饰principle,holding在这里是“认为”的意思)/that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible (that引导的宾语从句,作holding的宾语,这个宾语从句的主语是an action,having two effects又是分词短语作定语;谓语是is permissible;中间的破折号在解释two eff

9、ects)/if the actor intends only the good effect(if条件状语从句,其对应的主句是an action is permissible).(拆分与组合翻译法,请看封面图,图上有个下载地址,放大图片可以看到,在右上角。可以下载到1990年到96年翻译真题的逐句详细讲解,还有1990年到2015年的翻译真题的音频。注意“拆分与组合翻译法”,讲的考研翻译真题,而不是阅读真题)唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第3句 Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high

10、 doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.词汇:justify /v. 证明是合理或者公正的dose /n. 一次剂量morphine /n. 吗啡dosage /n. 剂量结构: Doctors have used that principle in recent years (主句的主干)/to justify using high doses of morphine to contro

11、l terminally ill patients pain,(to介词短语做状语) /even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient(even though状语从句).译文: 近年来,医生们一直在利用这项原则来证明,使用大剂量的吗啡控制晚期病人的病痛是合理,尽管他们知道,不断加大剂量最终会杀死病人。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第4句 Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will

12、shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.词汇:contend / v. 主张,争辩,认为shield /v. 保护,庇护sufficient /adj. 足够的,充足的hasten /v. 加快,促进结构: Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical C

13、enter, contends (主句)/that the principle will shield doctors (that宾语从句)/who “until now have very, very strongly insisted (who定语从句)/that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain (that宾语从句)/if that might hasten death(if条件状语从句)”.译文: 蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希道布勒认为,这项原则将保护这样的一些医生,他们“直到

14、现在还坚定地认为,如果给病人足量的药物止痛会加速他们的死亡的话,那就不能这样做”。翻译思路:转述动词 写文章,经常会涉及到引用别人观点的情况,这时候,就会用到“转述动词”。转述的方式有直接和间接两种,使用的动词总的来说,大概有say, add, tell, ask, write, describe, demand, according to, acknowledge, argue, accuse, urge, call, believe, announce, reply, admit, vow, respond, insist, maintain, propose, speak ofas, c

15、onclude, hail, shout, estimate, wish, think, continue, imply, claim, quote, report, promise, boast, suggest, advice, explain, confirm, state, reveal, mention, point out, emphasize, stress等等。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第5句 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that,

16、as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.词汇:maintain /v. 维持,保持;保修,保养;坚持说prescribe /v. 开药方;规定legitimate /adj. 法定的,依法的,合法的;正当的,合理的结构: George Annas, chair of the health law department at

17、 Boston University, maintains (主句)/that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose(that宾语从句,其中as long as引导条件状语从句), /the doctor has done nothing illegal (状语从句对应的主句)/even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death(even if引导让步状语从句).译文:波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治安纳斯坚持认为,只要医生开药是出于合理的医疗目

18、的,那么即使病人因服药该药而加速死亡,医生也不算做了什么违法的事情。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第6句和第7句 “Its like surgery,” he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.”词汇:surgery /n. 外科手术;门诊,门诊时间,门诊大楼homicide /n. 杀人;杀人者结构: We dont call those deaths h

19、omicides (主句)/because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients(because原因状语从句), /although they risked their death(although让步状语从句).译文: “这就像外科手术,”他说,“我们不认为那样的死亡案例是谋杀,因为医生并没有故意要杀死病人,尽管他们可能会让病人冒着死亡的危险。” 翻译思路:状语从句的位置一般来说,无论英语位置怎样,翻译成汉语,会优先考虑把“时间、条件、让步、原因”状语从句翻译到主句之前。但是,这并不是一成不变的法则,因为英汉语两种语言中,状语的位置都

20、很灵活。我常常这样举例,条件状语从句:如果你觉得有点累了,可以不听课回家休息。(如果,条件在前)当然也可以说:你可以不听课回家休息,如果你觉得有点累了。(如果,条件在后)严格意义上讲,这两个中文句子语气上是有差异的。但是,就英汉翻译而言,条件状语从句,翻译在主句前后,我觉得都可以接受。所以,在We dont call those deaths homicides (主句)/because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients(because原因状语从句), /although they risked their death(althou

21、gh让步状语从句)中,按照英语原顺序翻译,我觉得,完全可以接受。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第8句 “If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.”词汇:physician /n. 医生,内科医生结构: If youre a physician(if条件状语从句), /you can risk your patients suicide (主句)/as long as you dont intend their suicide(as

22、long as条件状语从句).译文: “如果你是一名医生,只要你目的不是想让病人自杀,你就可以冒这个风险”。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第9句 On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 词汇:fuel /v.

23、 给燃料;使加剧despair /n. 绝望prolong /v. 延长agony /n. 极度痛苦结构: On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge(主句) /that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients(that宾语从句) /for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying(whom定语从句).译文: 另一方面,

24、许多医疗界人士承认,医生协助病人自杀的这场争论之所以升温,部分原因是病人的绝望情绪。对这些病人来说,现代医学只是延长了他们弥留之际肉体上的痛苦。翻译思路:随感看完这一句话,或者说翻译这篇文章。学习之际,大家想想,什么最重要?身体!珍惜。身体第一,学习,努力第二。别追名,别逐利;年轻,朝自己的理想去奋斗,能奋斗,在奋斗就好。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第10句 Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) rel

25、eased a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.词汇:release /v. 释放;发布,发表;免除责任结构: Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide(时间状语), /the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report(主干), /Approaching Death: Improving Care a

26、t the End of Life(同位语,说明report).译文: 就在最高法庭对医生协助病人自杀的行为做出裁决的前三周,国家科学院(NAS)发表了一份长达两卷的报告走近死亡:完善临终护理唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第11句 It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin pr

27、oblems of end-of-life care.词汇:identify /v. 辨认,认出;认为undertreatment /n. 处理不足,处理不力aggressive /adj. 侵略的,好攻击的;攻击性的,强硬的ineffectual /adj. 无效的,无能的procedure /n. 程序dishonor /v. 违背;使受耻辱结构: It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures (主句,其中and并列的

28、是the undertreatment和use这两个宾语中心词)/that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” (that定语从句)/as the twin problems of end-of-life care(as介词短语作宾语补足语,整个句子的主干结构是It identifiesas).译文: 该报告指出,临终护理存在两个问题:对减轻病痛处理不力;不顾后果地使用“无效的并且强制性的医疗手段,这些手段可能会延长死亡期,甚至会使病人在此期间蒙受屈辱”。 翻译思路:先译主干,再做陈述这个句子的主干It identifiesas

29、,翻译中麻烦的是动词identifies后面的宾语太长,而宾语补足语as the twin problems of end-of-life care和宾语中心词分隔太远。一个最简单的方法,就是借用这里的It identifiesas the twin problems这个主干,先翻译主干“该报告认为,存在两个问题”,再来翻译到底是哪两个问题。这样逻辑就很清晰。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第12句 The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge

30、 of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.词汇:hospice /n. 临终休养所;救济院therapy /n. 治疗,疗法bill /v. 开账单;宣布assess /v. 评估;核算金额结构: The profession is taking steps (主干)/to r

31、equire young doctors to train in hospices(第一个并列的to不定式), /to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies(第二个并列不定式), /to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care(第三个并列不定式), /and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life(第四个并列不定式,做状语).译文: 医疗行业正在采取措施,要求年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训;测试各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识;为住院护理制定医保收费标准;同时还建立新标准来评估并处理病人弥留之际的痛苦。唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第4篇第13句 Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.词汇:well-meaning /adj. 善意的,出于好意的initiative /n. 主动

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