1、民法通则中英对照版本GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National Peoples Congress, and promulgated by Order No. 37 of the president of the Peoples Republic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987)CONTENTSCHAPTE
2、R I BASIC PRINCIPLESCHAPTER II CITIZEN (NATURAL PERSON)SECTION 1 CAPACITY FOR CIVIL RIGHTS AND CAPACITY FOR CIVIL CONDUCTSECTION 2 GUARDIANSHIPSECTION 3 DECLARATIONS OF MISSING PERSONS AND DEATHSECTION 4 INDIVIDUAL BUSINESSES AND LEASEHOLDING FARM HOUSEHOLDSSECTION 5 INDIVIDUAL PARTNERSHIPCHAPTER II
3、I LEGAL PERSONSSECTION 1 GENERAL STIPULATIONSSECTION 2 ENTERPRISE AS LEGAL PERSONSECTION 3 OFFICIAL ORGAN, INSTITUTION AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AS LEGAL PERSONSSECTION 4 ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONCHAPTER IV CIVIL JURISTIC ACTS AND AGENCYSECTION 1 CIVIL JURISTIC ACTSSECTION 2 AGENCYCHAPTER V CIVIL RIGHTSSEC
4、TION 1 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND RELATED OWNERSHIP RIGHTSSECTION 2 CREDITORS RIGHTSSECTION 3 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSSECTION 4 PERSONAL RIGHTSCHAPTER VI CIVIL LIABILITYSECTION 1 GENERAL STIPULATIONSSECTION 2 CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACTSECTION 3 CIVIL LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF RIGHTSS
5、ECTION 4 METHODS OF BEARING CIVIL LIABILITYCHAPTER VII LIMITATION OF ACTIONCHAPTER VIII APPLICATION OF LAW IN CIVIL RELATIONS WITH FOREIGNERSCHAPTER IX SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS*注:本篇法规已被全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改部分法律的决定(发布日期:2009年8月27日实施日期:2009年8月27日)修改中华人民共和国民法通则(一九八六年四月十二日第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过一九八六年四月十二日中华人民共和国
6、主席令第三十七号公布)(相关资料:法律19篇行政法规9篇部门规章179篇司法解释261篇其他规范性文件38篇地方法规406篇案例251篇裁判文书36032篇相关论文2798篇)目录第一章基本原则第二章公民 (自然人)第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力第二节监护第三节宣告失踪和宣告死亡第四节个体工商户、农村承包经营户第五节个人合伙第三章法人第一节一般规定第二节企业法人第三节机关、事业单位和社会团体法人第四节联营第四章民事法律行为和代理第一节民事法律行为第二节代理第五章民事权利第一节财产所有权和与财产所有权有关的财产权第二节债权第三节知识产权第四节人身权第六章民事责任第一节一般规定第二节违反合同的民
7、事责任第三节侵权的民事责任第四节承担民事责任的方式第七章诉讼时效第八章涉外民事关系的法律适用第九章附则CHAPTER I BASIC PRINCIPLES第一章基本原则Article 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil
8、 rights and interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist modernization.第一条【立法目的】为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益,正确调整民事关系,适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要,根据宪法和我国实际情况,总结民事活动的实践经验,制定本法。(相关资料:裁判文书12篇相关论文19篇)Article 2. The Civil Law of the Peop
9、les Republic of China shall adjust property relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and legal persons.第二条【调整范围】中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。(相关资料:司法解释1篇裁判文书111篇相关论文32篇)Arti
10、cle 3. Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status.第三条【平等原则】当事人在民事活动中的地位平等。(相关资料:司法解释1篇裁判文书37篇相关论文15篇)Article 4. In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed.第四条【自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用原则】民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、
11、等价有偿、诚实信用的原则。(相关资料:司法解释5篇案例26篇裁判文书2690篇相关论文91篇)Article 5. The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.第五条【民事权益受法律保护原则】公民、法人的合法的民事权益受法律保护,任何组织和个人不得侵犯。(相关资料:司法解释1篇案例9篇裁判文书1291篇相关论文33篇)Article 6. Civ
12、il activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state policies.第六条【遵守法律和政策原则】民事活动必须遵守法律,法律没有规定的,应当遵守国家政策。(相关资料:部门规章1篇案例4篇裁判文书411篇相关论文25篇)Article 7. Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall no
13、t harm the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social economic order.第七条【禁止权利滥用原则】民事活动应当尊重社会公德,不得损害社会公共利益,破坏国家经济计划,扰乱社会经济秩序。(相关资料:法律1篇地方法规1篇案例3篇裁判文书409篇相关论文63篇)Article 8. The law of the Peoples Republic of China shall apply to civil activities within the Peoples Republic of Ch
14、ina, except as otherwise stipulated by law.The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners and stateless persons within the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by law.第八条【适用范围】在中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动, 适用中华人民共和国法律, 法律另有规定的除外。本法关于公民的规定,适用于在中华人民共和国领域内的外国人、无国籍人,
15、法律另有规定的除外。(相关资料:部门规章2篇裁判文书22篇相关论文5篇)CHAPTER II CITIZEN (NATURAL PERSON)第二章公民 (自然人)SECTION 1 CAPACITY FOR CIVIL RIGHTS AND CAPACITY FOR CIVIL CONDUCT第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力Article 9. A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligati
16、ons in accordance with the law.第九条【公民民事权利能力的开始与终止】公民从出生时起到死亡时止, 具有民事权利能力, 依法享有民事权利,承担民事义务。(相关资料:案例1篇裁判文书330篇相关论文15篇)Article 10. All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.第十条【公民民事权利能力平等】公民的民事权利能力一律平等。(相关资料:部门规章1篇司法解释1篇裁判文书11篇相关论文8篇)Article 11. A citizen aged 18 or over shall b
17、e an adult. He shall have full capacity for civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shall be called a person with full capacity for civil conduct.A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age 18 and whose main source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as
18、a person with full capacity for civil conduct.第十一条【完全民事行为能力人】十八周岁以上的公民是成年人,具有完全民事行为能力,可以独立进行民事活动,是完全民事行为能力人。十六周岁以上不满十八周岁的公民,以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的,视为完全民事行为能力人。(相关资料:部门规章1篇裁判文书30篇相关论文15篇)Article 12. A minor aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage in civil ac
19、tivities appropriate to his age and intellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented in civil activitie
20、s by his agent ad litem.第十二条【未成年人的民事行为能力】十周岁以上的未成年人是限制民事行为能力人,可以进行与他的年龄、智力相适应的民事活动;其他民事活动由他的法定代理人代理,或者征得他的法定代理人的同意。不满十周岁的未成年人是无民事行为能力人,由他的法定代理人代理民事活动。(相关资料:案例2篇裁判文书54篇相关论文25篇)Article 13. A mentally ill person who is unable to recognize his own conduct shall be a person having no capacity for civil c
21、onduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad litem.A mentally ill person who is unable to fully recognize his own conduct shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his mental health; in other civil activities, h
22、e shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.第十三条【精神病人的民事行为能力】不能辨认自己行为的精神病人是无民事行为能力人,由他的法定代理人代理民事活动。不能完全辨认自己行为的精神病人是限制民事行为能力人,可以进行与他的精神健康状况相适应的民事活动;其他民事活动由他的法定代理人代理,或者征得他的法定代理人的同意。(相关资料:部门规章1篇裁判文书15篇相关论文18篇)Article 14. The guardian of a person wi
23、thout or with limited capacity for civil conduct shall be his agent ad litem.第十四条【法定代理人】无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是他的法定代理人。(相关资料:裁判文书14篇相关论文6篇)Article 15. The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence is registered; if his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, his habitu
24、al residence shall be regarded as his domicile.第十五条【公民的住所】公民以他的户籍所在地的居住地为住所,经常居住地与住所不一致的,经常居住地视为住所。(相关资料:部门规章1篇裁判文书17篇相关论文4篇)SECTION 2 GUARDIANSHIP第二节监护Article 16. The parents of a minor shall be his guardians.If the parents of a minor are dead or lack the competence to be his guardian, a person fro
25、m the following categories who has the competence to be a guardian shall act as his guardian:(1) paternal or maternal grandparent;(2) elder brother or sister; or(3) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the units of
26、 the minors parents or from the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of the minors residence.In case of a dispute over guardianship, the units of the minors parents or the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence shall appoint a guardian from among the minors near
27、relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to a lawsuit, the peoples court shall make a ruling.If none of the persons listed in the first two paragraphs of this Article is available to be the guardian, the units of the minors parents, the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of
28、 the minors residence or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.第十六条【未成年人的监护人】未成年人的父母是未成年人的监护人。未成年人的父母已经死亡或者没有监护能力的,由下列人员中有监护能力的人担任监护人:(一)祖父母、外祖父母;(二)兄、姐;(三)关系密切的其他亲属、朋友愿意承担监护责任,经未成年人的父、母的所在单位或者未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会同意的。对担任监护人有争议的,由未成年人的父、母的所在单位或者未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会在近亲属中指定。对指定不服提起诉讼的,由人
29、民法院裁决。没有第一款、第二款规定的监护人的,由未成年人的父、母的所在单位或者未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门担任监护人。(相关资料:法律1篇部门规章1篇司法解释4篇地方法规6篇案例1篇裁判文书115篇相关论文24篇)Article 17. A person from the following categories shall act as guardian for a mentally ill person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct:(1) spouse;(2) parent;(3) adult
30、child;(4) any other near relative;(5) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs or from the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence.In case of a dispute over guardianship, the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs, or the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence, shall appoint a guardian from among his near relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to
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