牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2 重点语法讲解.docx

1、牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2 重点语法讲解七年级下U2 重点语法讲解新课讲解【现在完成时】一、现在完成时的实际意义 （一）表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态；（二）表示的是过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has learned English since 2001. They have seen the film twice. 二、现在完成时的构成形式： have /has +done I/You/They/We have talked. He/She has talked. 其否定结构就是在助动词have或has后加上否定词not； I/You/They/

2、We havent (have not) talked. He/She hasnt (has not) talked. 其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首， Have I/You/They/We talked. Has he/she talked. 答复：肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语have/has，否定的简略回答是：No，主语have/has not. I have seen the film. Have you seen the film？ Yes, I have. / No, I havent.三、两种基本用法 1. “过去的经历”：动作发生在过去的某一时刻且已经结束，但

3、未说明动作发生的具体时间或情景，强调该经历（即动作发生后）对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果。如： I have heard of the man. （表示我对这个人有一定的了解） 2. “完成情况”：表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能继续延续下去。句子中一般有说明其完成情况的短语或从句。 句子中有“已发生了多久”的时间状语的短语或从句。如： I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 说明“到说话时为止，已完成了多少”。句中含有表示“完成了多少”的宾语或表示动作发生次数的状语。如： I have read the boo

4、k three times. I havent seen the film so far.四、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时表示过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 如： yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now

5、 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 如： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, in the past few years, recently等 句中有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, ago, in 1960）时，不用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有c

6、ome, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等； 现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作/状态，动词一般是延续性的live, teach, learn, work, study等 She joined the League three years ago. She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).五、延续动

7、词与瞬间动词 延续动词表示经验、经历；通常后面接“时间段”； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续动词与非延续动词的转换 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如： learn, work, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 表示时间段的短语有: for + 一段时间：for 2 years, for a long time; since从句： since he came here; since + 时间点名词：since last year, since 5 days ago; how

8、 long 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 He has come to China. = He has been in China for two weeks. The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.= He has been in th

9、e Party for 2 years.六、比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间， “自从” I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 比较 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has bee

10、n in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他（曾经）到/去过上海 （去了已回） He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了（去了未回） He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 （现在还在上海） He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 （现在不在上海了） arrived at / in sp.； got to sp.； reached sp.； came /

11、moved to sp. have been in sp.； have been at school / at home / on the farm； have been here / there came back； went back； returned have been back became have been； came out / went out be out closed have been closed； opened have been open got up have been up； died have been dead； left sp. have been aw

12、ay from sp. fell asleep / got to sleep have been asleep； finished / ended have been over married have been married started / began to do sth. have done sth. ； began have been on borrowed have been kept； bought have had； put on have worn； caught / got a cold have had a cold have / has gone to have be

13、en in joined the league/the Party/the army have been a league/a Party member/a soldier have been a member of the league/the Party have been in the league/the Party/the army练习一、用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia

14、_ 15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _ 1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _ Octo

15、ber.二、瞬间动词变为延续性动词例：The door opened five minutes ago.The door has been open since five minutes ago.1. borrowed2. began3. died4. became5. got up6. married7. put on8. finished9. returned10. joined the army三、单选( ) 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been( ) 2. My grandpa died _. A.

16、 at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2 D. my age was 6( ) 3. Jane has _ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been( ) 4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that( ) 5. - Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? - I will. I _

17、her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet( ) 6. - What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? - Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had( ) 7. - Do you know Lydia very well? - Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C.

18、have been D. have turned( ) 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live( ) 9. - Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to( ) 10. - _ you ever _ to the US? -

19、Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going四、用适当的时态填空1. Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary _ (lose) her pen. _ you

20、_ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. - Are you thirsty? - No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _ already _(return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. My fath

21、er _ (read) this book yesterday.随堂检测答案（一）1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. Since（二）略（三）DCBBB DCCBB（四）1. lived 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed; left 5. has lost; have, seen 6. Have, found 7. have, had 8. have, returned 9. Have , built 10. havent finished 11. has read 12. re

22、ad强化练习 I. Choose the best answer.（单选）1) This /pe/ of shoes sells well in Wanda Plaza. A) pear B) pair C) pour D) pearl2) Next Sunday, well see “Space Wars”. It is _ adventure film. A) a B) an C) the D) /3) Nobody teaches _ English. He learns English by _. A) him; him B) himself; him C) him; himself

23、D) himself; himself4) Water can be _ putting out fires. A) in charge of B) full of C) known as D) used for5) These jeans are too tight. Do you have them _? I wear medium. A) of my size B) about my size C) with my size D) in my size6) It is nice _ into a new house with a beautiful garden. A) moving B

24、) moves C) move D) to move7) People think “My Love From the Star” is _ TV series of the year. A) exciting B) more exciting C) most exciting D) the most exciting8) _ lovely Mickey Mouse looks! A) What B) What a C) How D) How a9) - Shall I tell Shirley the good news? - No, you _. Ive told her already.

25、 A) cant B) shouldnt C) mustnt D) neednt10) _ Alice lives a poor life, _ she is very happy. A) Because; but B) Although; but C) Although; / D) Because; /11) - How much did you _ for the dictionary? - 50 Yuan. A) cost B) spend C) take D) pay12) There are many skirts in the shop windows . Do you like

26、this red _? A) one B) ones C) some D) others13) - Im going to London for my summer holidays. - Great! _ A) So do I. B) Have a good time! C) Thats a good idea. D) All right. II. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. （选词填空） A. hard B. Why C. good D. group E. What F. help

27、s Do you laugh every day? Most people do. Scientists say that people laugh about 17 times a day. In India, there are hundreds of laughter clubs. The people in these clubs get together every morning. First they stretch （伸展）their hands above their heads. Then they begin to laugh. People say they feel

28、_1_ after laughing together. Scientists believe that laughter is good for you. _2_? For one thing, laughter is good exercise. Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running. This helps you relax. Why do we laugh? That is a _3_ question to answer. We know that people laugh more

29、often in a _4_. They dont laugh very often when they are alone. Laughter helps us feel part of a group. In English, people say that laughter is the best medicine. Some think that laughter _5_ make sick people better. III. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（适当形式填空）1. The police have caught some