牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2 重点语法讲解.docx

牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2 重点语法讲解.docx

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牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2重点语法讲解

七年级下U2重点语法讲解

新课讲解

【现在完成时】

一、现在完成时的实际意义

（一）表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态；

（二）表示的是过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。

HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.

Theyhaveseenthefilmtwice.

二、现在完成时的构成形式：

have/has+done

I/You/They/Wehavetalked.

He/Shehastalked.

其否定结构就是在助动词have或has后加上否定词not；

I/You/They/Wehaven’t（havenot）talked.

He/Shehasn’t（hasnot）talked.

其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首，

HaveI/You/They/Wetalked.

Hashe/shetalked.

答复：

肯定的简略回答是：

Yes，主语＋have/has，否定的简略回答是：

No，主语＋have/hasnot.

Ihaveseenthefilm.→Haveyouseenthefilm？

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

三、两种基本用法

1.“过去的经历”：

动作发生在过去的某一时刻且已经结束，但未说明动作发生的具体时间或情景，强调该经历（即动作发生后）对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果。

如：

Ihaveheardoftheman.（表示我对这个人有一定的了解）

2.“完成情况”：

表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能继续延续下去。

句子中一般有说明其完成情况的短语或从句。

①句子中有“已发生了多久”的时间状语的短语或从句。

如：

IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwastenyearsold.

②说明“到说话时为止，已完成了多少”。

句中含有表示“完成了多少”的宾语或表示动作发生次数的状语。

如：

Ihavereadthebookthreetimes.

Ihaven’tseenthefilmsofar.

四、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；

现在完成时表示过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

Isawthisfilmyesterday.　　（强调看的动作发生过了。

）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.　　（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。

）

2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;如：

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow

现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

如：

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,inthepastfewyears,recently等

句中有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,ago,in1960）时，不用现在完成时，要用过去时

　（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

　（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.

3）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等；

现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作/状态，动词一般是延续性的live,teach,learn,work,study等

ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.

ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears（sincethreeyearsago）.

ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears（sincethreeyearsago）.

五、延续动词与瞬间动词 

延续动词表示经验、经历；通常后面接“时间段”；

瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

延续动词与非延续动词的转换

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：

learn,work,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。

   表示时间段的短语有:

for+一段时间：

for2years,foralongtime;

since从句：

sincehecamehere;

since+时间点名词：

sincelastyear,since5daysago;

howlong

非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

如：

open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。

HehascometoChina.=HehasbeeninChinafortwoweeks.

Theoldmandied4yearsago. =Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.   

HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.  =HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.     

六、比较since和for

since用来说明动作起始时间，“自从……”　　

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

　　Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.

比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin

HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海。

HehasbeentoShanghai.他（曾经）到/去过上海（去了已回）

HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了（去了未回）

HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了（现在还在上海）

HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年（现在不在上海了）

①arrivedat/insp.；gottosp.；reachedsp.；came/movedtosp.

→havebeeninsp.；havebeenatschool/athome/onthefarm；havebeenhere/there

②cameback；wentback；returned→havebeenback

③became→havebeen；cameout/wentout→beout

④closed→havebeenclosed；opened→havebeenopen

⑤gotup→havebeenup；died→havebeendead；leftsp.→havebeenawayfromsp.

fellasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep；finished/ended→havebeenover

married→havebeenmarried

⑥started/begantodosth.→havedonesth.；began→havebeenon

⑦borrowed→havebeenkept；bought→havehad；puton→haveworn；

caught/gotacold→havehadacold

⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin

⑨joinedtheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenaleague/aPartymember/asoldier

→havebeenamemberoftheleague/theParty

→havebeenintheleague/theParty/thearmy

练习

一、用since和for填空

1.JimhasbeeninIreland____________Monday.

2.JillhasbeeninIreland____________threedays.

3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia____________15days.

4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere____________7o’clock.

5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry____________1974.

6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting____________20minutes.

7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty____________manyyears.

8.Mikehasbeenill____________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital____________October.

二、瞬间动词变为延续性动词

例：

Thedooropenedfiveminutesago.

Thedoorhasbeenopensincefiveminutesago.

1.borrowed

2.began

3.died

4.became

5.gotup

6.married

7.puton

8.finished

9.returned

10.joinedthearmy

三、单选

（）1.Howlonghaveyou__________here?

A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been

（）2.Mygrandpadied__________.

A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas6

（）3.Janehas__________toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.

A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen

（）4.Itistenyears__________Ilastsawher.

A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that

（）5.---WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?

---Iwill.I__________herseveraltimes.

A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet

（）6.---Whatanicedress!

Howlong__________you__________it?

---Just2weeks.

A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had

（）7.---DoyouknowLydiaverywell?

---Yes,SheandI__________friendssincewewereveryyoung.

A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned

（）8.TheSmiths__________inChinafor8years.

A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live

（）9.---Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?

---Sorry.He__________theBainiaoPark.

A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto

（）10.---__________youever__________totheUS?

---Yes,twice.

A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going

四、用适当的时态填空

1.She’s_________________（live）hereeversinceshewasten.

2.Bothofthem_________________（be）inHongkongfortendays.

3.Bothofthem_________________（come）toHongkongtendaysago.

4.Halfanhour_________________（pass）sincethetrain_________________（leave）.

5.Mary_____________（lose）herpen.______________you______________（see）ithereandthere?

6._________________you_________________（find）yourwatchyet?

7.---Areyouthirsty?

---NoI_________________just_________________（have）someorange.

8.We_________________already_________________（return）thebook.

9._________________they_________________（build）anewschoolinthevillage?

10.I_________________（notfinish）myhomework.Canyouhelpme?

11.Myfather_________________（read）thenoveltwice.

12.Myfather_________________（read）thisbookyesterday.

随堂检测答案

（一）1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.Since

（二）略

（三）DCBBBDCCBB

（四）1.lived2.havebeen3.went4.haspassed;left5.haslost;have,seen

6.Have,found7.have,had8.have,returned9.Have,built10.haven’tfinished

11.hasread12.read

强化练习

I.Choosethebestanswer.（单选）

1）This/peə/ofshoessellswellinWandaPlaza.

A）pearB）pairC）pourD）pearl

2）NextSunday,we’llsee“SpaceWars”.Itis________adventurefilm.

A）aB）anC）theD）/

3）Nobodyteaches________English.HelearnsEnglishby________.

A）him;himB）himself;himC）him;himselfD）himself;himself

4）Watercanbe________puttingoutfires.

A）inchargeofB）fullofC）knownasD）usedfor

5）Thesejeansaretootight.Doyouhavethem________?

Iwearmedium.

A）ofmysizeB）aboutmysizeC）withmysizeD）inmysize

6）Itisnice________intoanewhousewithabeautifulgarden.

A）movingB）movesC）moveD）tomove

7）Peoplethink“MyLoveFromtheStar”is________TVseriesoftheyear.

A）excitingB）moreexcitingC）mostexcitingD）themostexciting

8）________lovelyMickeyMouselooks!

A）WhatB）WhataC）HowD）Howa

9）---ShallItellShirleythegoodnews?

---No,you________.I’vetoldheralready.

A）can’tB）shouldn’tC）mustn’tD）needn’t

10）________Alicelivesapoorlife,________sheisveryhappy.

A）Because;butB）Although;butC）Although;/D）Because;/

11）---Howmuchdidyou________forthedictionary?

---50Yuan.

A）costB）spendC）takeD）pay

12）Therearemanyskirtsintheshopwindows.Doyoulikethisred________?

A）oneB）onesC）someD）others

13）---I’mgoingtoLondonformysummerholidays.---Great!

________

A）SodoI.B）Haveagoodtime!

C）That’sagoodidea.D）Allright.

II.Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.（选词填空）

A.hardB.WhyC.goodD.groupE.WhatF.helps

Doyoulaugheveryday?

Mostpeopledo.Scientistssaythatpeoplelaughabout17timesaday.InIndia,therearehundredsoflaughterclubs.Thepeopleintheseclubsgettogethereverymorning.Firsttheystretch（伸展）theirhandsabovetheirheads.Thentheybegintolaugh.Peoplesaytheyfeel____1____afterlaughingtogether.

Scientistsbelievethatlaughterisgoodforyou.____2____?

Foronething,laughterisgoodexercise.Scientistssaythatonehundredlaughsequalstenminutesofrunning.Thishelpsyourelax.Whydowelaugh?

Thatisa____3____questiontoanswer.Weknowthatpeoplelaughmoreoftenina____4____.Theydon’tlaughveryoftenwhentheyarealone.Laughterhelpsusfeelpartofagroup.InEnglish,peoplesaythatlaughteristhebestmedicine.Somethinkthatlaughter____5____makesickpeoplebetter.

III.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms（适当形式填空）

1.Thepolicehavecaughtsome