牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2 重点语法讲解.docx
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牛津沪教版英语七年级下Unit2重点语法讲解
七年级下U2重点语法讲解
新课讲解
【现在完成时】
一、现在完成时的实际意义
(一)表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态;
(二)表示的是过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.
Theyhaveseenthefilmtwice.
二、现在完成时的构成形式:
have/has+done
I/You/They/Wehavetalked.
He/Shehastalked.
其否定结构就是在助动词have或has后加上否定词not;
I/You/They/Wehaven’t(havenot)talked.
He/Shehasn’t(hasnot)talked.
其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首,
HaveI/You/They/Wetalked.
Hashe/shetalked.
答复:
肯定的简略回答是:
Yes,主语+have/has,否定的简略回答是:
No,主语+have/hasnot.
Ihaveseenthefilm.→Haveyouseenthefilm?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
三、两种基本用法
1.“过去的经历”:
动作发生在过去的某一时刻且已经结束,但未说明动作发生的具体时间或情景,强调该经历(即动作发生后)对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果。
如:
Ihaveheardoftheman.(表示我对这个人有一定的了解)
2.“完成情况”:
表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,或有可能继续延续下去。
句子中一般有说明其完成情况的短语或从句。
①句子中有“已发生了多久”的时间状语的短语或从句。
如:
IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwastenyearsold.
②说明“到说话时为止,已完成了多少”。
句中含有表示“完成了多少”的宾语或表示动作发生次数的状语。
如:
Ihavereadthebookthreetimes.
Ihaven’tseenthefilmsofar.
四、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;
现在完成时表示过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。
)
Ihaveseenthisfilm. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
2)一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;如:
yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow
现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
如:
for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,inthepastfewyears,recently等
句中有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,ago,in1960)时,不用现在完成时,要用过去时
(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
3)一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等;
现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作/状态,动词一般是延续性的live,teach,learn,work,study等
ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.
ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).
ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).
五、延续动词与瞬间动词
延续动词表示经验、经历;通常后面接“时间段”;
瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
延续动词与非延续动词的转换
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:
learn,work,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。
表示时间段的短语有:
for+一段时间:
for2years,foralongtime;
since从句:
sincehecamehere;
since+时间点名词:
sincelastyear,since5daysago;
howlong
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:
open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。
HehascometoChina.=HehasbeeninChinafortwoweeks.
Theoldmandied4yearsago. =Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.
HejoinedtheParty2yearsago. =HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.
六、比较since和for
since用来说明动作起始时间,“自从……”
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.
Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.
for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.
Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.
比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin
HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海(去了已回)
HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了(去了未回)
HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了(现在还在上海)
HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年(现在不在上海了)
①arrivedat/insp.;gottosp.;reachedsp.;came/movedtosp.
→havebeeninsp.;havebeenatschool/athome/onthefarm;havebeenhere/there
②cameback;wentback;returned→havebeenback
③became→havebeen;cameout/wentout→beout
④closed→havebeenclosed;opened→havebeenopen
⑤gotup→havebeenup;died→havebeendead;leftsp.→havebeenawayfromsp.
fellasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;finished/ended→havebeenover
married→havebeenmarried
⑥started/begantodosth.→havedonesth.;began→havebeenon
⑦borrowed→havebeenkept;bought→havehad;puton→haveworn;
caught/gotacold→havehadacold
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
⑨joinedtheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenaleague/aPartymember/asoldier
→havebeenamemberoftheleague/theParty
→havebeenintheleague/theParty/thearmy
练习
一、用since和for填空
1.JimhasbeeninIreland____________Monday.
2.JillhasbeeninIreland____________threedays.
3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia____________15days.
4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere____________7o’clock.
5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry____________1974.
6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting____________20minutes.
7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty____________manyyears.
8.Mikehasbeenill____________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital____________October.
二、瞬间动词变为延续性动词
例:
Thedooropenedfiveminutesago.
Thedoorhasbeenopensincefiveminutesago.
1.borrowed
2.began
3.died
4.became
5.gotup
6.married
7.puton
8.finished
9.returned
10.joinedthearmy
三、单选
()1.Howlonghaveyou__________here?
A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been
()2.Mygrandpadied__________.
A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas6
()3.Janehas__________toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen
()4.Itistenyears__________Ilastsawher.
A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that
()5.---WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?
---Iwill.I__________herseveraltimes.
A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet
()6.---Whatanicedress!
Howlong__________you__________it?
---Just2weeks.
A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had
()7.---DoyouknowLydiaverywell?
---Yes,SheandI__________friendssincewewereveryyoung.
A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned
()8.TheSmiths__________inChinafor8years.
A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live
()9.---Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?
---Sorry.He__________theBainiaoPark.
A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto
()10.---__________youever__________totheUS?
---Yes,twice.
A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going
四、用适当的时态填空
1.She’s_________________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.
2.Bothofthem_________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.
3.Bothofthem_________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.
4.Halfanhour_________________(pass)sincethetrain_________________(leave).
5.Mary_____________(lose)herpen.______________you______________(see)ithereandthere?
6._________________you_________________(find)yourwatchyet?
7.---Areyouthirsty?
---NoI_________________just_________________(have)someorange.
8.We_________________already_________________(return)thebook.
9._________________they_________________(build)anewschoolinthevillage?
10.I_________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?
11.Myfather_________________(read)thenoveltwice.
12.Myfather_________________(read)thisbookyesterday.
随堂检测答案
(一)1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.Since
(二)略
(三)DCBBBDCCBB
(四)1.lived2.havebeen3.went4.haspassed;left5.haslost;have,seen
6.Have,found7.have,had8.have,returned9.Have,built10.haven’tfinished
11.hasread12.read
强化练习
I.Choosethebestanswer.(单选)
1)This/peə/ofshoessellswellinWandaPlaza.
A)pearB)pairC)pourD)pearl
2)NextSunday,we’llsee“SpaceWars”.Itis________adventurefilm.
A)aB)anC)theD)/
3)Nobodyteaches________English.HelearnsEnglishby________.
A)him;himB)himself;himC)him;himselfD)himself;himself
4)Watercanbe________puttingoutfires.
A)inchargeofB)fullofC)knownasD)usedfor
5)Thesejeansaretootight.Doyouhavethem________?
Iwearmedium.
A)ofmysizeB)aboutmysizeC)withmysizeD)inmysize
6)Itisnice________intoanewhousewithabeautifulgarden.
A)movingB)movesC)moveD)tomove
7)Peoplethink“MyLoveFromtheStar”is________TVseriesoftheyear.
A)excitingB)moreexcitingC)mostexcitingD)themostexciting
8)________lovelyMickeyMouselooks!
A)WhatB)WhataC)HowD)Howa
9)---ShallItellShirleythegoodnews?
---No,you________.I’vetoldheralready.
A)can’tB)shouldn’tC)mustn’tD)needn’t
10)________Alicelivesapoorlife,________sheisveryhappy.
A)Because;butB)Although;butC)Although;/D)Because;/
11)---Howmuchdidyou________forthedictionary?
---50Yuan.
A)costB)spendC)takeD)pay
12)Therearemanyskirtsintheshopwindows.Doyoulikethisred________?
A)oneB)onesC)someD)others
13)---I’mgoingtoLondonformysummerholidays.---Great!
________
A)SodoI.B)Haveagoodtime!
C)That’sagoodidea.D)Allright.
II.Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.(选词填空)
A.hardB.WhyC.goodD.groupE.WhatF.helps
Doyoulaugheveryday?
Mostpeopledo.Scientistssaythatpeoplelaughabout17timesaday.InIndia,therearehundredsoflaughterclubs.Thepeopleintheseclubsgettogethereverymorning.Firsttheystretch(伸展)theirhandsabovetheirheads.Thentheybegintolaugh.Peoplesaytheyfeel____1____afterlaughingtogether.
Scientistsbelievethatlaughterisgoodforyou.____2____?
Foronething,laughterisgoodexercise.Scientistssaythatonehundredlaughsequalstenminutesofrunning.Thishelpsyourelax.Whydowelaugh?
Thatisa____3____questiontoanswer.Weknowthatpeoplelaughmoreoftenina____4____.Theydon’tlaughveryoftenwhentheyarealone.Laughterhelpsusfeelpartofagroup.InEnglish,peoplesaythatlaughteristhebestmedicine.Somethinkthatlaughter____5____makesickpeoplebetter.
III.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms(适当形式填空)
1.Thepolicehavecaughtsome