英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点.docx

1、英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点高考英语阅读理解专题复习英语阅读理解正确选项与干扰选项的特点第一节 正确选项往往是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换一般来说, 阅读理解测试中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的问题, 在文章中均可找到回答。但是, 需要注意的是, 这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话, 而是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。【考例1】Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plenti

2、ful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. (2012湖南卷C篇) 68. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly becaus

3、e_.A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living thingsC. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in mature【考例2】 “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes

4、and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth” (2010湖南卷C篇)The discovery shows that Westerners _. A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D.

5、have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。【考例3】 Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics in 1997 23% said they didnt like reading in all. In 2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year

6、 unable to read properly. （2007山东B）Statistics suggested that _. A. the number of top students increased with the use of computers B. a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading C. a minority of primacy school children read properly D. a huge percentage of children read regularly【考例4】W

7、hen I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. (2011广东卷A)What did the other drivers do whe

8、n they saw the flashlights?A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too.三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式【考例5】 Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a gen

9、eration thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” （2009山东D）According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters .A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipmentC. confident about their future career

10、s D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。【考例6】University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.

11、 (2009山东D)Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_.A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation第二节 英语阅读理解干扰项的设置特点分析通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。常用的干扰手段有哪些。干扰项的如下特点：(一) 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。【考例1】(2011湖南卷A篇) When

12、 first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob（烤肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere thatMany restaurants lack.The space

13、is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but environment is truly charming.56. When first entering the restaurant, one can find that .A. is splendidly decorated B. has pleasant smells of kabobsC. is crowded with dining tables D. looks like a common restaurant【考例2】(2011湖南卷A篇)

14、A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.57. What activity is also me

15、ntioned apart from dining in the restaurant?A. Watching news events on TV. B. Drinking a kind of black coffee.C. Reading local English newspapers. D. Discussing world topics in low voices.(二) 在推理判断中利用词的表面意义来设置干扰推理判断要求在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义，要注意不能以文字的表面含义代替推理。【考例1】 （2010湖南卷B） But she has

16、nt always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treat

17、ed herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow upagainand take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.When Mary

18、received the life-changing news, she_. A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced diet C. tried to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult way【考例2】McKays war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London an explanation for why he was all but forgotten. But now, thanks to the

19、efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKays memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word deceased(阵亡) next to his name,” said Corey Everrett , a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a sim

20、ple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.” (2009湖南卷) We can learn from the last paragraph that McKay _ . A. preferred fight to his study B. went to war before graduationC. left a picture f

21、or Corey Everrett D. set an example for his fellow students 【考例3】 (2009湖北) A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student

22、 learning . ”I think half of them fell off their chairs,” Gerner says. How did the architects react to Garners design requirements ? A. They lost balance in excitement. B. they showed strong disbelief. C. they expressed little interest. D. they burst into cheers. 【考例4】I suddenly heard an elephant cr

23、ying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with

24、 fear. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place the calf on a narrow shelf of rock. Just at this moment, she fell back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot where sh

25、e could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf. While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring(吼叫) all the time, but to

26、 her calf it was music. (2009宁夏)How did the calf feel about the mother elephants roaring?A. It was a great comfort. B. It was a sign of danger.C. It was a call for help. D. It was a musical note.（三）以偏概全。把文章中的事实和细节当主旨，把片面的、次要的观点当成主要观点。在猜测文章或段落大意、标题以及释义题中，干扰项总是以偏概全，具体表现为: (1) 把文章中的次要观点、细节混进体现文章主要观点、中心

27、思想的选项 (2) 把超过文章讨论的东西亦作为归纳或结论混进选项。（3）把段落的主旨当作文章的主旨。【考例1】There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goo

28、ds than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. The main purpose of this Paragraph is to tell us that _. A. Economic Principles B. Law o

29、f Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices【考例2】There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things accor

30、ding to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in. (2005北京D)What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?A. Different noise may mean different things.B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.C. The lang

31、uage we use symbolizes our social positions.D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.【考例3】It seems that the Englishmen just cannot live without sports of some kind. A famous French humorist once said that this is because the English insist on behaving like children all their lives. W

32、herever you go in this country, you will see both children and grown-ups knocking a ball about with a stick or something, as if in Britain men shall always remain boys and women girls! Still, it can never be bad to get exercise, can it?The main purpose of Paragraph 1 is to tell us that the English _. A. are all sports lovers B. behave like children C. like to kick a ball around D. remain young by getting exercise(四)